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Man affects habitats as a result of two basic factors: human population growth and industrialisation. These lead to an increasing demand for food and raw materials, both of which are obtained from the natural environment. Obtaining these degrades habitats through five processes:

  • · Over-harvesting: This is the removal of an organism faster than it can naturally replace itself. For example, the collapse of the Newfoundland cod fishery through over-fishing.
  • Alien introductions: the deliberate or accidental introduction of new species to a habitat. This can lead to the reduction or elimination of native species. For example, the spread of Dutch elm disease has devastated elms in Europe.
  • Pollution: the release of harmful substances into the environment eg global warming caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
  • Habitat fragmentation: the break-up of natural habitats into smaller areas. The species in these smaller areas are more likely to become extinct
  • Habitat destruction: this is the complete loss of natural habitat, and is one of the biggest dangers to wildlife
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Q: What does man do that degrades habitat?
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