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Manifold Pressure Sensor

The Manifold Pressure Sensor (also known as the Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor or the Manifold Differential Sensor) is a device that is used to calibrate the fuel delivery on most modern ECU Controlled (computerized) engines.

Used predominantly after the institution of the OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics), it is used to calculate the difference between manifold pressure (measured in inches of Mercury) and ambient or atmospheric pressure. The computer uses this sensor to determine, based on the differential between the two, the conditions present requiring the fuel delivery to be adjusted.

At higher altitudes, the ambient pressure is lower, reducing the value when comparing the two readings. At lower altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is higher, generating a larger number. The larger the number, the less fuel is delivered, as decreased atmospheric pressure indicates (under normal conditions) a decrease in the density of the air and thereby a decrease in available oxygen, the second component required for efficient combustion.

Additionally, when the throttle plate is opened, the value generated by the Manifold Pressure Sensor (usually called the MAP) is reduced as the pressures equalize. This tells the computer that the operator is attempting to accelerate, adjusting timing, injector pulse width and other sub-systems to assure proper and efficient response.

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Q: What does the manifold pressure sensor do?
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