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Fizeau(french physicist) method, Foucault method, and Michelson method are the most important experiments that were done.

It is very hard in laboratory to measure the absolute speed of light.

But if we accept the value of speed of light in air, then we can use snell's law of refraction to find the speed of light in another medium.

I am describing that here:

Suppose light enters from air to another medium.

Then absolute refractive index(RI) of medium = sin(i) / sin(r)

RI = c/v

Where i = angle of incidence

r = angle of refraction

C = speed of sound in air or vaccum(both are almost same)

V = speed of sound in medium.

Using these two equations we can find speed of sound in the given medium

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