There are many kinds of particles and many kinds of motion, so there is more than one answer to that question. In many cases, particle motion is explained by Newtonian mechanics. In other cases, you would need quantum mechanics or Einstein's theory of relativity, or the Maxwell equations if the particles are photons.
Brownian motion. This is random motion of micro particles resultimg from collisions between the particle in question and other particles in the surrounding medium.
Brownian motion
The wave-particle duality theory. This explains why sometimes light appears to travel as a wave, and why sometimes it appears to travel as a particle.
Particle motion increases as energy (like heat) is added. The motion slows as energy leaves. Temperature is a measure of this change in particle motion.
The energy possessed by a particle due to its motion is called kinetic energy. It depends on the mass of the particle and its velocity.
Particle motion and thermal heat energy should both be increasing
The measure of energy of motion of a particle of matter is called kinetic energy. It is calculated using the formula KE = 0.5 * mass * velocity^2, where mass is the mass of the particle and velocity is its speed.
The particle motion in shear waves relative to the energy of the wave is downward.
A stationary particle.
There are three general types of mechanical waves: – Transverse – particle motion is perpendicular to wave motion. – Longitudinal – particle motion is in the same direction as wave motion. – Combined – sea waves.
The particle model of light explains that light behaves like a stream of particles called photons. It helps account for phenomena such as the photoelectric effect and the discrete nature of light energy.
The key difference between a particle and a rigid body is that a particle can undergo only translational motion whereas a rigid body can undergo both translational and rotational motion