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What happened to many serfs as a result of the enclosure movement?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Because this land thaqt had been publicly available for grazing and planting, the enclosures led to the eviction of many of the people working the land.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
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What factors led to the breakdown of feudalism and the growth of towns?
There were a number of reasons for the gradual decline of feudalism. Among them were the fact that Europe began to experience a period of stability. This upset the feudal hierarchy: there was no longer a need for a large number of knights to protect their lord, and gradually, the control the lord had over these men weakened. Another factor that contributed to the decline of feudalism was the bubonic plague-- the Black Death, which killed so many people during the mid to late 1300s that workers were in short supply, and the nobles no longer had enough serfs to rely on. In fact, some laborers were able to hire themselves out and negotiate a salary, rather than being in a position where the noble forced them to work. Further, there was an expansion of exploration and trade in the world, leading to the rise of a merchant class. More merchants meant more goods to be sold, and cities and towns were established, as centers of commerce. Trade, especially trade with other countries, required the use of money, rather than just bartering out goods on a small, local scale as had been done during the height of feudalism. Even some serfs began to produce goods they could sell, and they were eventually able to buy their own land (and their freedom). Other serfs revolted, demanding better treatment; some left rural areas to move closer to centers of trade and commerce. These changes further eroded the total control the nobles once had, and ultimately led to the end of the feudal system.
What is the social hierarchy in feudalism?
Each European nation was ruled by a king. He divided his nation into many smaller pieces, and each one he granted to a nobleman. The nobleman in return had to agree to pay some tax to the king and to fight for him if the king ever went to war. The nobleman was now the king's vassal. Each nobleman could even have his own vassals. The sons of nobleman who had no land often became knights, the highest ranking soldiers. The vast majority of the population, however, were poor serfs. They had to subsistence farm for survival, and pay the nobles above them with part of their crop. If the noble went to war, some of them had to fight as infantry soldiers.
Why is the black Madonna black?
When St. Helen found the painting (about 300 years after it was painted) she gave it to her son Constantine. He built a shrine in Constantinople and put the painting there. The painting was moved to the Royal palace of Belz after Constantinople was attacked and the chapel and painting caught fire. This is why the Virgin Mary and Jesus appear black, because of the soot from the fire. There are many images of the black madonna in Europe and Black Jesus' as well. The supposed soot only settled on the face and hands, never on the clothes which is impossible: so the whole idea is rideculous and borders on scientific misconduct. As the European elite (1100-1848) was black and brown of complexion, and the lowly serfs were whites, god was considered black. Blacks might have been only 2-3%, and a smaller part noble, and a still smaller part the higher blue blood nobility. Blue blood was black blood.
What continent is Petersburg in?
Europe, in the country of Russia.
How could a noble be both a lord and a vassle?
A noble is simply a man in power, that has been placed in charge of an area of land. Assuming it is in a feudal type state, he will have people who report to him, such as knights, and men who report to them, etc etc. Working their way down to the bottom, the serfs and peasants. Being a vassal, he will be under the rule of a greater lord. an example would be Xerxes of the Persian empire. though he was solely in charge of his empire, he had many vassals beneath him, who were in charge of the areas of land that he conquered. The advantages of being a vassal, is that you are often under the protection of a more powerful country of force, as you will technically be owned, or a part of the greater country. but at the cost of this, you are not independent and would have to pay taxes, goods, or fighting men to the ruler in return, and would not be able to take political direction, such as starting a war, without permission of the ruler. Having vassals is a good way to annex country into an empire, without exterminating the local populace, as they become a part of your land, but they do retain their status as a country, so they will be less likely to resist overthrowing their ruler. Many countries used vassals as a good source of income in terms of goods and fighting men, and to keep the people they conquered happy. By allowing them to retain their identity.
What happened as Europe recovered from the black death?
Cities began to grow, and serfs gained freedom.
What is most accurate about the serfs?
Serfs were bound to the land.Best of luck to A+Serfs are bound to the land. A+
What religion are most serfs?
Serfs are Islamic
What is the most accurate statement about serfs?
Serfs were bound to the land.Best of luck to A+Serfs are bound to the land. A+
What was a result of the Mongol Empires invasion of Russia?
Heavy Mongol taxes caused many Russians to give up their land and become serfs.
What was a result of the mongol empire's invasion of russia?
Heavy Mongol taxes caused many Russians to give up their land and become serfs.
How many serfs are in Russia?
There are no serfs in Russia today.
Did serfs have slaves?
Serfs were barely above slaves themselves. I doubt any serfs ever owned slaves.
Who was tied to the land in medieval Europe?
The serfs were tied to the land they lived on and farmed.
Which was true of feudalism in Europe serfs?
Serfs owed crops to their lords.Apex.
What was the emancipation of the Russian serfs?
When Alexander II freed the serfs (peasants) in Russia in 1861. The serfs were never truly freed. The Russian government bought land from the landowners to give to the serfs, but the serfs were required to repay the Russian government. These repayments took 49 years and the serfs stayed on the land until it was fully repaid.
When a new lord took over a manor were the serfs were set free to farm as they pleased on their own fiefs?
Serfs did not have fiefs. They were bound to the soil and not allowed to leave it. The arrival of a new lord did not change this. Nevertheless, the serfs were largely free to farm as they pleased. The condition of the serfs was not slavery, but a different sort of thing governed by a sort of contract in which the serfs and the lords each had obligations to the other. The serfs had to pay rent in some form, labor, part of the crop, or money. For his part the lord had to provide a place to live, fields to farm, and protection in such difficult times as war or famine. The serfs were not allowed to leave the land, and the lords were not allowed to force them off of it. The serfs had reeves to organize them. The reeves were also serfs and were often elected by the serfs on a manor. The reeves decided how the serfs would be organized for their common labor, what fields would be tilled and what crops planted, and what parcels would go to which family for their own use.
