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Not much is known about the domestic life of Confucius who was born in 551 BCE in China. Although he had an interesting and varied life he is best known as a teacher and philosopher. His doctrines form the basis for Chinese culture. He was married at 19, divorced at 23 and remained single for the remainder of his life.

He espoused tolerance, generosity, kindness, integrity, truth, modesty and righteousness. He was said to be affectionate, humorous, optimistic and humble. He approved of divorce and taught that married people should be kind and respectful of each other. Confucius taught that the cultivation of loving family relationships is a main concern in life. He advised against selfishness and taught that people should try to accommodate each other through compromise. However, if a relationship proved unworkable it should be ended.

A woman owed lifelong obedience to her husband, his father and his mother. Divorce was a male prerogative, frowned upon by society and it brought shame on a woman. However, remarriage after divorce was common. Confucianism recognized seven reasons for divorce.

  • A woman shall be divorced for disobedience to her father-in-law or mother-in-law.
  • A woman shall be divorced if she fails to bear children, the reason for this rule being that women are sought in marriage for the purpose of giving men posterity. A barren woman should, however, be retained if her heart be virtuous and her conduct correct and free from jealousy, in which case a child of the same blood must be adopted; neither is there any just cause for a man to divorce a barren wife if he has children by a concubine.
  • Lewdness is a reason for divorce.
  • Jealousy is a reason for divorce.
  • Leprosy or any like foul disease is a reason for divorce.
  • A woman shall be divorced who, by talking overmuch and prattling disrespectfully, disturbs the harmony of kinsmen and brings trouble on her household.
  • A woman shall be divorced who is addicted to stealing.

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Q: What is Confucius' view on marriage and divorce?
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