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The evaporator is the heat exchanger in the dashboard duct-work that gets cold when the A/C cycle is running.
A warm liquid refrigerant under pressure expands across the "expansion valve" as it enters the evaporator, and becomes a (very) cold gas.
Cabin air or outside air (recirc or ventilate) blows through the other side of the evaporator eat exchanger with the aid of fans, transfers cabin heat to the "evaporator" and the evaporates (boils at a very low temperature) the coolant.
Air leaving the evaporator and coming through the ducts is now cold and the refrigerant gas leaving the evaporator is "warm".
The whole cycles contains the following major devices.
1) The refrigerant compressor, run by the engine of the car by belt, (with a clutch so it can be switched off and on as required0
2) The condenser, a heat exchanger usually mounted in front of the radiator that transfer heat from the refrigerant to the air.
3) The receiver ( a small reservoir) that holds a small amount of refrigerant and usually has some form of drier chemical in it to absorb moisture (if present) in the refrigerant. It sometimes has combined pressure and temperature switches mounted on it.
4) The expansion valve and tube, warm liquid expands into a cold gas and enters the evaporator.
5) The evaporator is the heat exchanger that absorbs the heat from the cabin air and boils the refrigerant
So the cycle, more or less is, starting at the compressor suction (low side);
Compressor, compresses warm gas at a low pressure to a hot gas at a high pressure, send to condenser.
Condenser, cools a hot gas at a high pressure and it condenses it to a warm liquid at a high pressure, send to expansion valve.
Expansion Valve, expands the high pressure warm liquid to a low pressure cold gas, send to evaporator.
Evaporator, transfers heat (from the air) to the low pressure cold gas and warms that to a low pressure warm gas, send to compressor.
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