Historically, in the United States, it was permitted to put a land-covenant on a piece of property making it illegal to sell the land to any Jew or Black. For example, say I (White-Landower) go to sell my piece of land. I could write in my bill of sale that attaches to the land a prohibition on any person owning or living on that land who is a Jew or Black. If I sell to a White and he then sells to a Black, I have the right to forcibly evict the Black man from the home he bought, because it was illegal for the second White man to violate the covenant provision to sell the land to the Black man. Courts used to uphold these suits and evictions, meaning that Jews and Blacks were effectively quarantined into ghettos since a large number of White-Landowners used these land-covenants. (Thankfully, this was outlawed in the 1960s, but it is a good example.)
Instutional racism is when racism is supported by the law or laws in a country or state. Segregation of various so-called races were enforced by the law in the southern part of the USA(Jim Crow Laws), in South Africa(Apartheid). These laws were enforced by public services such as the police, as well as the army(in South Africa).
Unfortunately, there is evidence that society still has different (and lower) expectations of black children. Black children are more likely to be suspended from school for misbehavior than white children who exhibit a similar behavior; in fact, some studies now show this attitude starts even in pre-school, when black children as young as four years old are suspended. Black children are still more likely to attend poorly-funded public schools, have less access to technology, and to be taught by newer and less experienced teachers.
There are also assumptions from certain politicians and policy-makers that there is a "culture" of laziness and a lack of commitment to education in the black community. Such notions are false and stereotypical, but they are widespread and can easily become self-fulfilling prophecies. When there is no commitment to providing black children from poor neighborhoods with a good education, the results often are as might be expected-- very few will succeed, since they lack the resources, the mentoring, and the opportunities that middle and upper class white children are often given.
a company has policy of promoting white employees but not minority employees.
use race as the basis for determining mortgage interest rates
use race as the basis for determining mortgage interest rates.
institutional racism (apex)
institutional racism causes interpersonal racism.
#WhiteSupremecy #Omnipotent
Institutional racism causes interpersonal racism.
interpersonal racism
institutional racism - apex
Both are based on racism and harmful to society
both are based on racism and harmful to society
When the view becomes a law
When the view becomes a law
Yes, institutional racism is important because it refers to policies, practices, and norms within institutions that result in differential treatment, opportunities, and outcomes based on race. It perpetuates systemic inequality and disadvantages certain racial groups. Recognizing and addressing institutional racism is crucial to achieving fairness, justice, and equality in society.