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B cell 'education' is another way for describing the selection of the best B cells to deal with pathogens.
Both the host body and pathogens have molecular markers of identity. Pathogens display antigens that are classed as 'non-self' and cells of the body/self display major histone compatibility (MHC) molecules.
Deciding the difference between these two 'identity advertising' molecules is difficult. This is because there is no absolute difference between them; often their molecular structures are similar.
As such B cells must learn the correct threshold activation for an immune response.
Should the B cell over react to self/ MHC complexes then we have a case of autoimmunity. If the B cell over reacts to foreign bodies we have allergy.
How then do they become educated?
Dendritic cells intake extracellular antigens (foreign body molecular markers) and display them on their cell surface to advertise to the adaptive immune cells - specifically: T cells.
This activates the production of antigen-specific T cells which in turn activates the development of complimentary antigen-specific B cells.
Through this manner T cells and B cells are educated about which foreign bodies they should react to.
To prevent T and B cell over reaction to the self, the Thymus (located in between the lungs) destroys T cells that bind with host MHC complexes and lead to autoimmunity. This prevents these T cells from remaining in the body, stimulating complementary autoimmune B cells that could harm the body from the inside.
Disorders demonstrating the importance of education are numerous. Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency Syndrome describes a congenital disorder (one that originates in the germline) that results in the compromised development of the thymus. This means a lack of T cells develop and so the adaptive immune system is compromised. HIV targets helper T cells with CD4+ receptors that are involved in the proliferation of B cells needed for immune response.
Hope this helps
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∙ 12y ago
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