A consitutional provision is a specific benefit offered and protected by law: such as, the US Constitution 14th Amendment, -1-, for providing or insuring the rights of citizens due process of law and equal protection of law, prior to property or liberty of property is deprived by a US State. It can also mean a civil right assured by a US State, or by any governing entity thus organized to petition civil rights of and for inhabitants of a designated geographical area (such as other countries governments).
A constitution is the set of rules by which an organization or a country is run. Each one of those rules is a constitutional provision.
Yes
Free Speech Clause
The US Constitutional provision for the amendments known as the Bill of Rights has been of great importance. The amendment process allows changes to the Constitution when events deem it necessary to make fundamental changes in the laws.
Marbury vs. Madison
Prohibition
Declaration of Intergovernmental Independence
There is no such thing as the constitutional status of the so-called presidential line-item veto. It was proposed but never confirmed to be constitutional, rather, the Constitution makes no provision for such a privilege.
A bicameral legislature
Great Compromise
no constitutional or congressional provision defined presidential disability
Cases where the decision hinges on the application of a constitutional provision are heard in Constitutional Courts. A good example of such cases would include all cases concerning Freedom of Speech as guaranteed in the First Amendment.
The United States Constitution always, always, always trumps any state constitutions. When there is a conflict, and that conflict comes into play in a court action, the court is bound to give force to the US Constitutional provision and invalidate the state constitutional provision.