What skills do you need to become a geologist?
A bachelor's degree is adequate for a few entry-level positions,
but most geoscientists need at least a master's degree in general
geology or earth science. A master's degree also is the minimum
educational requirement for most entry-level research positions in
private industry, Federal agencies, and State geological surveys. A
Ph.D. degree is necessary for most high-level research and college
teaching positions.
Many colleges and universities offer a bachelor's or higher
degree in a geoscience. In 2005, more than 100 universities offered
accredited bachelor's degree programs in geoscience, about 80
universities had master's degree programs, and about 60 offered
doctoral degree programs.
Traditional geoscience courses emphasizing classical geologic
methods and topics (such as mineralogy, petrology, paleontology,
stratigraphy, and structural geology) are important for all
geoscientists. Persons studying physics, chemistry, biology,
mathematics, engineering, or computer science may also qualify for
some geoscience positions if their course work includes study in
geology or natural sciences.
Computer skills are essential for prospective geoscientists;
students who have experience with computer modeling, data analysis
and integration, digital mapping, remote sensing, and geographic
information systems will be the most prepared entering the job
market. A knowledge of the Global Information System (GIS) and
Global Positioning System (GPS)-a locator system that uses
satellites-has also become essential. Some employers seek
applicants with field experience, so a summer internship may be
beneficial to prospective geoscientists.
Geoscientists must have excellent interpersonal skills, because
they usually work as part of a team with other geoscientists and
with environmental scientists, engineers, and technicians. Strong
oral and written communication skills also are important, because
writing technical reports and research proposals, as well as
communicating research results to others, are important aspects of
the work. Because many jobs require foreign travel, knowledge of a
second language is becoming an important attribute to employers.
Geoscientists must be inquisitive, be able to think logically, and
be capable of complex analytical thinking, including spatial
visualization and the ability to develop comprehensive conclusions
often from sparse data. Those involved in fieldwork must have
physical stamina.
Geoscientists often begin their careers in field exploration or
as research assistants or technicians in laboratories or offices.
They are given more difficult assignments as they gain experience.
Eventually, they may be promoted to project leader, program
manager, or some other management or research position.