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The potato contains moisture that can act as a electrolytic solution. The electric voltage is created by placing to different metals, usually zinc and copper, into the potato. The potato only acts as a place for the reaction to take place. By itself, a potato has no electric value.

If zinc is used the reaction follows:

Zn → Zn2+ + 2 e-.

Note the 2 free electrons produced, this causes the electric potential to develop between the poles of the potato battery. The total voltage produced depends on the metals used but usually peaks under 1v (~0.8v really).

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