37 centigrade
A solid fat made from vegetable oils, such as soybean and cottonseed oil. Although made from oil, shortening has been chemically transformed into a solid state through hydrogenation.
For most things. Let it cool and the finished product will be slightly heavier with shortening.
27 degrees
Between 34'C -52'C for pure vegetable ghee
Vegetable oil and butter are two types of shortening. All fats and oils are shortening, and can be substituted for each other, but this will affect the flavour and texture of the food, as some shortenings have stronger and different flavours, and also have different melting points.
No
It depends on the recipe. Shortening becomes solid at room temperature while vegetable oil does not. So vegetable oil may be substituted for melted shortening only in recipes that do not depend on shortening becoming solid for texture when cooled.
No.
Yes
Yes, melted shortening can replace vegetable oil in zucchini bread, although shortening is not a healthy choice.
Shortening, such as Crisco, is made from vegetable oil.
Shortening is made from partially-hydrogenated or hydrogenated vegetable oils.