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MGUS is an abnormal protein in the blood
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What is the electrophoresis pattern in general for a patient suffering from gammopathy?
It looks like a giant pile of bullcrap. It starts with a wide base. Some splatter around the sides on the ground. It piles on top of itself heaping into a pyramid loaf of crap.
What has the author Gerald M Penn written?
Gerald M. Penn has written: 'Resolution of Monoclonal Gammopathy Problems by Electrophoresis & Associated Immunnochemical Techniques (Audio-Visual Seminars)'
What is the electrophoresis pattern in general for a patient suffering from gammopathy?
It looks like a giant pile of bullcrap. It starts with a wide base. Some splatter around the sides on the ground. It piles on top of itself heaping into a pyramid loaf of crap.
My bones ache in my legs all the way to my kidneys and sometimes in my arms wrists and cramps in pelvic area what could this be?
You need to see a rheumatologist and be tested for various autoimmune diseases. For instance lupus can cause both aches, and kidney problems. Another thing which can cause both aches (from neuropathy), and kidney problems is monoclonal gammopathy, so your doctor should also order an electrophoresis and immunofixation of both blood and urine.
Could high blood pressure cause high blood protein?
The type of protein measured in blood is often the protein involved with the immune system. High levels of protein in the blood can be due to many factors, depending on the type of protein present. Normally, your blood contains relatively small amounts of millions of types of proteins, which help fight infection. Causes of elevated levels of protein in blood include: * Infection * Chronic inflammation * Certain bone marrow diseases, such as multiple myeloma, amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) A diet high in protein doesn't cause an elevated protein level in the blood. However, in cases of severe malnutrition, overall blood protein can be decreased. Further testing can help pinpoint the cause of high levels of protein in blood.what causes high protein levels in lumbar puncture procedure when all else in normal.
Too much protein in blood?
An abnormally high level of protein in blood can have many causes. Blood proteins, also called serum proteins, serve numerous functions, including helping to regulate cell function and your immune system. Normally, your blood contains relatively small amounts of many types of proteins. Causes of elevated levels of protein in blood include: * Chronic inflammation or infection, such as HIV and hepatitis * Certain bone marrow diseases, such as multiple myeloma, amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) A high-protein diet does not cause high levels of protein in blood. However, severe malnutrition can cause a decrease in total blood protein. Further testing can help determine the cause of high levels of protein in blood.
Who diagnoses POEMS syndrome?
The IMF is informed about POEMS Syndrome, and the Mayo Clinic diagnoses it. Of course, if you are not rich and have an HMO that does not cover testing at the Mayo Clinic, you obviously won't get diagnosed. Been there, done that. Instead, you will just get lies from doctors who do not know how to diagnse POEMS.POEMS is an acronym for the syndrome's most common symptoms:P - polyneuropathy: nerve disease (numbness, tingling, and weakness of the hands and feet).O - organomegaly: organ enlargement (liver, lymph nodes or spleen).E - endocrinopathy: disease affecting hormone-producing glands (sexual development, metabolic functions, thyroid hormones, etc.).M - monoclonal gammopathy or monoclonal plasma proliferative disorder: a collection of abnormal blood protein cells.S - skin changes: increased skin pigment, increased body hair, thickening of the skin, whitening of the nails, etc.To receive a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome, patients must experience at least the "P" and the "M" as well as either sclerotic (scarring) bone lesions or Castleman disease, a coexisting condition. Patients will typically have at least one other feature (the "O", "E", or "S") as well as some abnormalities listed below.Common abnormalities included in the syndrome include:Fatigue and weaknessEdema (swelling of the ankles and legs)Enlarged breast tissue (occurs in both men and women)Generalized aches and painsAscites (fluid collection in the abdomen)Pleural effusion (fluid collection in the lungs)Increased blood cell counts (increased platelet or red cell count)Changes in vision
What does elevated immunogloblin IgA mean?
First, what is an IGA? It is immunoglobulin - a type of antibody that protects against infections. Elevated levels have to do with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. And now another question may arise from what elevated levels of IGA are involved with. Waldenstrom's Mcaroglobulinemia is a type of cancer invovling a subtype of white blood cells. You should know, firstly this answer is completely wrong so please ignore it. Please if you need a proper answer ask a GP. Firstly it is not "IGA", but IgA. Elevated levels of IgA do NOT correspond to WM. IgA is found in mucosal areas (the moist areas such as throat, stomach etc). An elevated level MAY correspond to multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). It may also be associated with autoimmune diseases such as Lupus and rheumatic athritis. Finally it is also associated with liver diseases such as hepatitis (however other clear signs are present). I hope this helps, and please contact a health professional next time who will know the correct answer and not give false answers! Regards
What causes hyperphosphatemia in dogs?
Hyperphosphatemia ---- * Spurious Hyperphosphatemia1) Hemolysis: Hemolysis or prolonged contact of serum with cells in the blood sample causes movement of phosphate from the red cells into serum and can raise the Pi result.2) Post-prandial: A mild increase occurs after eating.3) Monoclonal gammopathy: Hyperphosphatemia can be observed in monoclonal gammopathies, due to binding of phosphate to the monoclonal protein.* Decreased excretion1) Decreased GFR: This is the most common cause of hyperphosphatemia. Many animals that are azotemic are also hyperphosphatemic. Acute and severe reduction in GFR, as in acute renal failure or severe hypovolemia, is more likely to result in hyperphosphatemia than is chronic renal failure.2) Hypoparathyroidism: Phosphate is retained whilst calcium is lost in the urine due to lack of PTH.3) Acromegaly: Growth hormone promotes retention of phosphate.4) Hyperthyroidism: Phosphate is increased in up to 21% of hyperthyroid cats.* Increased absorption1) Hypervitaminosis D: This produces hyperphosphatemia as well as hypercalcemia.2) Increased intake: Ingestion of excess phosphate (nutritional hyperparathyroidism) or administration of phosphate containing fluids or compounds. Use of hypertonic phosphate enemas (Fleet) in cats has been recognized to cause extreme hyperphosphatemia through absorption of phosphate. Hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis are additional abnormalities. Affected cats can die. Morbidity and mortality resulting from use of Fleet enemas is increased by prolonged retention of the hypertonic phosphate, mucosal defects enhancing absorption, and pre-existing abnormalities in water and electrolyte balance. This product should be administered to cats with extreme caution if used at all.* Transcellular shifts1) Acute tumor lysis syndrome: This results in high phosphate, high potassium, high uric acid and low calcium. Animals often die of acute oliguric renal failure.2) Severe soft tissue trauma: This can also result in increased phosphate as phosphate is higher intracellularly than extracellularly, e.g. rhabdomyolysis.
Immunoelectrophoresis - serum?
DefinitionSerum immunoelectrophoresis is a test that measures immunoglobulins in the blood. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies. There are various types of immunoglobulins. Some can be abnormal.Alternative NamesIEP - serum; Immunoglobulin electrophoresis - serum; Gamma globulin electrophoresis; Serum immunoglobulin electrophoresisHow the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedThis test is done to determine if you have certain immuglobulins in your blood. It can also be used to help identify the specify type of abnormal immuglobulins (proteins) in your blood.Normal ValuesNo monoclonal antibodies are detected.What abnormal results meanAbnormal results may be due to certain types of cancer such as multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Cells related to these types of cancer produce a type of protein called a monoclonal immunoglobulin, which can be detected with this test. However, some people have monoclonal immunoglobulins, but do not have cancer. This is called "monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance," or MGUS.What the risks areExcessive bleedingFainting or feeling lightheadedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.ReferencesMcPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006.
Immunoelectrophoresis - urine?
DefinitionUrine immunoelectrophoresis is a test that measures immunoglobulins in a urine sample.Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies. There are various types of these proteins. Some can be abnormal.See also: Immunoelectrophoresis - serumAlternative NamesImmunoglobulin electrophoresis - urine; Gamma globulin electrophoresis - urine; Urine immunoglobulin electrophoresis; IEP - urineHow the test is performedCollect a "clean-catch" (midstream) urine sample. To obtain a clean-catch sample, men or boys should wipe clean the head of the penis. Women or girls need to wash the area between the labia (lips of the vagina) with soapy water and rinse well.As you start to urinate, allow a small amount to fall into the toilet bowl. This clears the urethra -- the tube that carries urine from the bladder and opens to the outside. Then, in a clean container, catch about 1 - 2 ounces of urine. Remove the container from the urine stream. Give the container to the health care provider or assistant.In an infant, thoroughly wash the area around the opening of the urethra. Open a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with an adhesive paper on one end), and place it on your infant. For males, the entire penis can be placed in the bag and the adhesive attached to the skin. For females, the bag is placed over the labia. Place a diaper over the infant (bag and all).Check your baby frequently, and remove the bag after the infant has urinated into it. For active infants, this procedure may take a couple of attempts. Lively infants can displace the bag, making it difficult to get the specimen. Drain the urine into a container for transport back to the health care provider.The laboratory technician uses electrical charges to separate and identify various immunoglobulins in the urine.How to prepare for the testYour health care provider may recommend that you collect the first morning urine, which is the most concentrated.If you are taking the collection from an infant, you may need extra collection bags.How the test will feelThe test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.Why the test is performedThis test is used to measure the amounts of various immunoglobulins in urine. Most often, it is used as a screening test. It can be used in people who have protein in the urine, when urine protein electrophoresis indicates a large amount of globulins.Normal ValuesNormally there is no, or only a small amount, of protein in the urine. When there is protein in the urine, it normally consists of mainly albumin.Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanImmunoglobulin (antibodies) in the urine can result from:Kidney disorders such as IgA nephropathy or IgM nephropathyWaldenstrom's macroglobulinemiaAbnormal results may also be due to certain types of cancer, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or multiple myeloma. Cells related to these types of cancer produce a type of protein called a monoclonal immunoglobulin, which can be detected with this test. However, some people have monoclonal immunoglobulins, but do not have cancer. This is called "monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance," or MGUS.ReferencesMcPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006.Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008.
