in the pons
pneumotaxic pontine respirator group (PRG)
The pneumotaxic center of the pons helps regulate the pattern and rate of breathing by controlling the duration of inspiration and expiration. It works in coordination with the respiratory center in the medulla to ensure proper breathing rhythm.
Decreased pulmonary and alveolar ventilation.
The pneumotaxic center is aka pontine respiratory group (PRG). Its function is to inhibit inspiration, regulating inspiratory volume and rate. It can be considered an antagonist to the apneustic center which produces abnormal, deep, prolonged inspiratory gasps. Both of these structures are found in the pons of the midbrain.
the nucleus tractus solitarus (basic control) of the medulla along with the pneumotaxic center of the pons (fine control)
The dipahragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve. This nerve responds to the stimulus sent by the a very particular set of neurons located in the medulla. The main ones are called VRG and DRG. Of these the VRG sends signals to the diaphragm to contract, when the signal is not "on" then the diaphragm relaxes. DRG modulates the depth of breath. There is another group called the pneumotaxic center found in the ponds; this group keeps the VRG in check. If the frequency of respiration becomes too great the pneumotaxic center inhibits depolarization of the VRG for a while in an attempt to restore a "normal" breathing pattern
pneumotaxic pontine respirator group (PRG)
I n hill region % on oxygen in air decreases , and carbon di oxide increases in blood. This stimulates the pneumotaxic centre of brain which helps in secreting erythropoenin in kidney. Erythropoenin hepls in synthesis of RBC from bone marrow.
There are four main centers in the brain to regulate the respiration: 1. Inspiratory center 2. Expiratory center 3. Pneumotaxic center 4. Apneustic center The first two centers are present on the medulla oblongata whereas the last two centers on the pons region of brain.
In physiological conditions, the respiration rate grows with the need of oxygen and with the amount of C02 that must be eliminated, things sensed by the apneustic and the pneumotaxic centers in the pons (a part of the brain). If this centers are damaged/altered physically, thermally or chemically they may increase/decrease the respiration in an abnormal way.
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