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Post-transcriptional modification is a process in cell Biology by which, in eukararyotic cells, primary transcript RNA is converted into mature RNA. A notable example is the conversion of precursor messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA (mRNA), which includes splicing and occurs prior to protein synthesis. This process is vital for the correct translation of the genomes of eukaryotes as the human primary RNA transcript that is produced as a result of transcription contains both exons, which are coding sections of the primary RNA transcript.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 13y agoOne fascinating step is that the newly constructed protein, upon its release from the Ribosome that built it, contains a leader sequence that identifies the 'Address' of the location within the cell that the nascent protein will be directed to, where it will 'take up residence'.
When the protein arrives at it desired location, post-translational processing removes the leader sequence(s) to allow the processed [reduced in size] protein to assume its true functions.
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Why post-translational modification of protein does not occur in prokaryotes?
introns and exons are absent in prokaryotic rna hence processing not necessary
Which aspect of lac operon regulation is an example of post-translational control?
allosteric regulation of CAP
Where proteins are assembled?
Proteins are assembled in the cytoplasm (outside the nucleus where DNA is stored in most Eukaryotes) in a molecular machine called the Ribosome. The ribosome is itself partly built up of proteins, and partly (the biggest part) of rRNA. Ribosomes assemble proteins according to instructions coded into the nucleotide sequence of mRNAs (messenger RNAs).The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein (proteins are folded chains of amino acids). Each three nucleotides in the mRNA chain determines which amino acid to place in one specific position in the amino acid chain that builds up the protein.The message for proteins synthesis comes from nucleus. mRNA, ribosome, tRNA and enzymes together synthesize proteins. They are further modified by post translational modifications such as glycosylation, acylation and folding process in ER and Golgi.
Do proteins have weight?
Yes all the proteins can be theoretically weighed easily by its number of amino acids. An average molecular weight of an amino acid is 110Da. So if a protein is containing 100 amino acids, it would be 100x110=11000Da or 11 kilo Dalton(kDa). Post translational modifications such as glycosylation,phosphorylation, ubiquitination add uo extra mass to the protein.
What bio molecules are in a ribosomes?
Ribosomes translate mRNA to proteins. In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) produce proteins that are either to become part of organelles (such as lysosomes), the plasma membrane, or secreted from the cell. The free, or soluble, ribosomes found in the cytosol produce proteins that remain in the cytosol, e.g., the enzymes involved in glycolysis.
Differentiation is controlled at which level?
Post translational activation of the proteins
Eukaryotes show which kinds of control mechanisms is it transcriptional transcript processing translational post translational or all of these?
all
What are the most common post translational modifications?
Post-translation or Post-translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of active protein either by means of reversible events (Post-translational modifications, such as Phosphorylation or sequestration) or by means of irreversible events (proteolysis).
Post translational modification occurs in which cell organelle?
Post translational modification occurs in ribosomes.
Describe the last stage before escape of a viral infection?
assembly of the virus particles and post-translational modification of the viral proteins.
Do humans have fewer or more proteins in their body than protein coding regions?
Number of proteins produced is of course more than the number of coding regions/genes/mRNAs. This is because of biological processes like alternate splicing and other post translational changes.
What are three types of post-translational modification?
methylation lipidation glycosylation phosphorylation
Why prokaryotes cannot perform post translational process?
No endoplasmic reticulum and no Golgi apparatus.
Why post-translational modification of protein does not occur in prokaryotes?
introns and exons are absent in prokaryotic rna hence processing not necessary
What combines with proteins?
Proteins are polymer of amino acids produced in ribosomes. During post translational modification in ER protein can be attached to glycosyl groups, phosphates, or any prosthetic group such as esters, thioesters, amides, methyl groups and so on. This in turn make a protein mature after proper folding in Golgi bodies.
Which aspect of lac operon regulation is an example of post-translational control?
allosteric regulation of CAP
What is the Definition of recombinant proteins?
a protein encoded by a gene that has been cloned in a system that supports expression of the gene and translation of messenger RNA. Modification of the gene by recombinant DNA technology can lead to expression of a mutant protein. Proteins coexpressed in bacteria will not possess post-translational modifications, e.g. phosphorylation or glycosylation; eukaryotic expression systems are needed .
