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Gene expression might be altered at the level of post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes rather than prokaryotes because of what?
Eukaryotes have additional complexity in post-transcriptional processing, such as alternative splicing, intron removal, and mRNA editing, which can lead to a greater degree of regulation and diversity in gene expression compared to prokaryotes. Additionally, eukaryotic mRNA processing occurs in the nucleus before export to the cytoplasm, providing an additional layer of control.
How is gene expression regulated?
The gene expression is regulated from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. The regulation of the genes helps to either decrease or increase the production of a specific gene products.
How cell may vary the amount of enzyme?
Two main ways: synthesis and degradation. Each step in the process leading to synthesis of the enzyme can be regulated - gene expression, mRNA processing and stability, mRNA translation.
How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation?
Bacterial translation occurs in the cytoplasm and has fewer post-translational modifications. Eukaryotic translation occurs in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum, and involves more complex regulatory mechanisms and additional processing steps.
A sequence of mRNA that is expressed after processing?
The processed mRNA sequence that is ready for translation is called mature mRNA. It has had introns removed and exons spliced together during post-transcriptional processing. This mature mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation into protein.
Is NOT true about gene regulation in eukaryotic cells?
One statement that is NOT true about gene regulation in eukaryotic cells is that it occurs exclusively at the level of transcription. In reality, gene regulation in eukaryotes involves multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms. Additionally, factors such as chromatin remodeling, RNA processing, and the influence of non-coding RNAs play significant roles in regulating gene expression.
Gene expression might be altered at the level of post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes rather than prokaryotes because of what?
Eukaryotes have additional complexity in post-transcriptional processing, such as alternative splicing, intron removal, and mRNA editing, which can lead to a greater degree of regulation and diversity in gene expression compared to prokaryotes. Additionally, eukaryotic mRNA processing occurs in the nucleus before export to the cytoplasm, providing an additional layer of control.
How is gene expression regulated?
The gene expression is regulated from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. The regulation of the genes helps to either decrease or increase the production of a specific gene products.
After mRNA has been transcribed in eukaryotes?
After mRNA has been transcribed in eukaryotes, it undergoes several processing steps including capping, splicing and polyadenylation to form mature mRNA. The mature mRNA then exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where it can be translated into protein by ribosomes.
Why is protein synthesis different in prokatyke and euroaytes?
Prokaryotes do not have a distinct nucleus, so transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm simultaneously. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm, separated by nuclear envelope. Furthermore, eukaryotes have additional complexity due to post-transcriptional modifications and protein processing that prokaryotes lack.
Why post-translational modification of protein does not occur in prokaryotes?
Post-translational modifications of proteins do occur in prokaryotes, but they are generally less complex than in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes lack certain cellular compartments where modifications like glycosylation occur in eukaryotes. Additionally, prokaryotes have simpler metabolic pathways that may not require extensive post-translational modifications for protein function.
Are Exons Cut After Transcription In Eukaryotes?
No. The Ex in Exon refers to Expression.Introns are nucleotide sequences within genes that are removed by RNA splicing to generate the final mature RNA product of a gene.
What is post translational processing of proteins?
Post-transcriptional modification is a process in cell biology by which, in eukararyotic cells, primary transcript RNA is converted into mature RNA. A notable example is the conversion of precursor messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA (mRNA), which includes splicing and occurs prior to protein synthesis. This process is vital for the correct translation of the genomes of eukaryotes as the human primary RNA transcript that is produced as a result of transcription contains both exons, which are coding sections of the primary RNA transcript.
How cell may vary the amount of enzyme?
Two main ways: synthesis and degradation. Each step in the process leading to synthesis of the enzyme can be regulated - gene expression, mRNA processing and stability, mRNA translation.
How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation?
Bacterial translation occurs in the cytoplasm and has fewer post-translational modifications. Eukaryotic translation occurs in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum, and involves more complex regulatory mechanisms and additional processing steps.
What is the name of the specialized enzyme that adds the poly-A-Tail?
The specialized enzyme that adds the poly-A-tail is called poly(A) polymerase. It adds multiple adenosine residues to the 3' end of mRNA molecules during post-transcriptional processing.
Why does not prokaryotic mRNA have 5' cap 3' tail?
Prokaryotic mRNA lacks a 5' cap and 3' poly(A) tail because it undergoes rapid degradation in the cell. Prokaryotes do not have the same mRNA processing machinery as eukaryotes, so they rely on different mechanisms for stability and translation initiation, such as internal ribosome binding sites (RBS) and RNA-binding proteins.
