At present, after a long period in which the Labour government set its face against nuclear, they have now said that a number of new units should be built, in view of the declining North Sea gas production which means the UK will have to import liquefied natural gas. The gas cooled reactor design has been abandoned and new ones will be PWR (or possibly BWR). Only one PWR was built at Sizewell, and the teams that built this have dispersed mostly, with the breaking up of the CEGB (the previous nationalised generating body). The most likely outfit to build new PWR's is the French company EDF with their reactor supplier Areva. However their bid to purchase British Energy, which owns some of the likely sites, has not been finalised. This has government support and probably will go through though not certain. Other suppliers may also join in the bidding, so nothing is certain yet. Talk is of about 8 new units total.
Rs: 1800
In the UK the rock material your referring to is known as Riprap or rock armour.
no. a cubic centimeter has a mass of 11.34 grams there are 1,000,000 cubic centimeters in a cubic yard therefor one cubic meter of gold = 11,340,000 grams or 11,340 kg. a metric ton is 1000 kg a US ton (short ton) is 2000 pounds or 907.2 kg a UK ton (long ton) is 2240 pounds or 1,016 kg In any of the above a cubic meter of lead would be over 11 tons. Almost correct. Assuming a purity of 999.9% 1 cubic metre of lead = 11.0229 short tons 9.8425 long tons 10 tonnes (metric) therefor:- 1 short ton (US) of lead = 0.110 cubic metres or 3.884 cubic feet 1 long ton (UK) of lead = 0.0984 cubic metres or 3.474 cubic feet 1 tonne (metric) of lead = 0.100 cubic metres or 3.515 cubic feet
The income of a civil engineer can vary depending on the area. A civil engineer in New York will have a higher income than one in Iowa. Average yearly income for civil engineers in New York can be as much as $97,000 and in Iowa can be as much as $77,000.
The highest academic qualifications in civil engineering are the PhD or EngD (Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Engineering in Civil Engineering respectively). The highest professional qualification depends on the country. In the UK this is Chartered Engineer status and the individual will also be either a Member or Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers (MICE / FICE), or Institution of Structural Engineers (MIStrucE / FIStrucE). In the US, a professional engineer will be granted Professional Engineer status (and is entitled to use the post-nominal letters PE).
The first ever reactor was in 1942, but not power producing. The first electric power producing reactor was in the UK in 1956
If you mean Sunderland in the UK, this is Hartlepool, a twin reactor AGR plant
Mostly AGR (Advanced Gascooled Reactor) designs, with one PWR at Sizewell B
The first production of electrical power from a nuclear reactor was in the UK at Calder Hall, 1956. Shippingport in the US followed soon after
In the early days they were called piles, because they were piles of graphite bricks, as at Hanford in the US or Windscale in the UK
The first work on nuclear fusion was performed in 1933 by Ernest Rutherford. The first nuclear fusion "reactor" was built in 1947 by teams in the UK and USSR. To this day no nuclear fusion "reactor" has been able to produce more energy than had to be put into it to get the reaction started, despite many different experiments on many different designs.
In the UK the government announced recently a programme of building new nuclear power stations. Interested suppliers are invited to submit plans for consideration. Building might start by 2011.
Nuclear fission reactors come in various forms, though the principle of using the heat from a nuclear chain reaction is always the same. 1. Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR). 2. Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). 3. Magnox gas cooled reactor (no longer built) 4. Advanced gas cooled reactor (no longer built but still in use in UK). 5. Canadian heavy water reactor (Candu) 6. Russian design of Chernobyl type. I think this covers the most used types for power generation. There are others such as the gas cooled pebble bed reactor, and the fast breeder reactor, that are possible but designs have not been so successful and these have not been adopted commercially.
Dounreay PFR (Prototype Fast Reactor)
This is done in nuclear power plants, the heart of which is a nuclear reactor which produces heat from nuclear fission, this heat then produces steam and hence electricity in a similar way to a fossil fired plant. there are over 100 such reactors in the US, and others in Canada, UK, France, Russia, Japan, and other countries.
The UK has been nuclear for a very long time. It has lots of nuclear energy stations and lots of nuclear weapons.
The UK is estimated to have a stockpile of approximately 160 active nuclear warheads and 225 nuclear warheads in total.