0
What is the difference between a positron and electron and a nutrino?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
A positron is like an electron in every way but charge, electrons having -1, positrons having +1. In other words, they're a positron is an electron's antiparticle. Neutrinos are chargeless, pointlike, nearly massless particles associated with electron and positron decays that exist in order to preserve the conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum in these decay processes.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
Why energy of beta particles is different in beta particle decay?
because the total enegy of the decay is carried by beta particle and the nutrino.
What are the instrument used to study astronomical bodies?
The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Window on the UniverseAstronomers rely on electromagnetic radiation detected by different types of telescopes to determine the location, composition, temperature, motions and magnetism of celestial objects. Electromagnetic radiation travels in the form of waves at the speed of light (299 792 km/sec) through space. Electromagnetic waves range from very low frequency radio waves through infrared radiation and visible light to ultraviolet radiation, x-rays and finally, high frequency gamma rays.Together, these waves form the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their frequency and wavelength which are inversely related:the greater the wave's frequency, the shorter the wavelength.Telescopes: Essential Tools for AstronomersTelescopes provide the means to collect and analyze electromagnetic radiation from distant realms of the universe. Different types of telescopes are used for distinct regions of the spectrum such as visible light, near infrared, microwaves, and radio waves.Planets, stars, gaseous nebulae, and distant galaxies appear differently when "viewed" in each region of the spectrum. This is because various types of radiation are sensitive to differences in the temperature and chemistry of the objects. Even the fact that an object can be readily detected by a particular wavelength gives the astronomer important clues, such as whether it is hot or cold.There are different categories of telescopes: optical telescopes collect visible light, but other telescopes, for example radio telescopes, can collect radiation invisible to the human eye. Since Galileo pioneered the use of the optical telescope in the 17th century, increasingly more powerful instruments have been developed, including the Hubble Space Telescope and the new Gemini Telescopes. In 1932, Jansky invented radio telescopes, which have developed into facilities like the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.ptical Telescopes: Reflecting and RefractingA device such as a lens, mirror or antenna collects electromagnetic radiation from celestial objects and focuses it onto a detector. Optical telescopes use special versions of the charge-coupled devices found in video cameras, while radio telescopes use specialized receivers like those in radios or TV sets.The term refraction refers to the bending of light. Refracting telescopes employ a series of lenses to collect visible light. Most telescopes in use today are reflecting because bigger telescopes can be built with mirrors than with lenses. Reflecting telescopes have a concave primary mirror, normally parabolic in shape and located at the lower end of the telescope. It reflects the light of celestial objects to a focus. The light is often intercepted by a smaller mirror that reflects it down through a hole in the primary mirror to an instrument, such as a camera or a spectrograph, for analysis.Together, radio and optical telescopes help astronomers to build a more complete picture of a region of space.Radio Telescopes: Collectors of Invisible RadiationAll objects in space emit radio waves, so a radio telescope can be used to detect them. A large curved metal dish, or antenna that resembles a parabolic satellite TV dish, collects the radio waves and reflects them to a focus point above the centre of the dish. Here, a sensitive receiver converts them into an electrical signal, which is interpreted by a computer. Radio telescopes "see" through clouds of dust that optical telescopes cannot penetrate.There are two types of radio telescopes- single antenna or multiple antenna (interferometer). Images are created by scanning a single-antenna telescope across the sky, or by letting the rotation of the Earth move a group of telescopes pointed at the source of the radio wave emission. This scanning creates a sequence of signals, coming from different parts of the source. A computer processes these signals to create a representative image of a celestial body.National Research Council FacilitiesThe National Research Council (NRC) provides telescopes for Canadian astronomers and their students to use for their research. The largest facilities are international ones, located on the best sites in the northern (4200-m high Mauna Kea, Hawaii) and southern (2700-m high Cerro Pachón, Chile) hemispheres, where more than 300 nights a year offer clear viewing. NRC also operates radio and optical telescopes in British Columbia. Visitors are welcome at the B.C. facilities. NRC's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics designs and builds the sensitive instrumentation and writes software that enable the telescopes to detect signals from the furthest realms of the universe. Astronomers must compete for access to telescopes and may spend only a few nights (or shifts) a year observing on any one telescope. Most of their time is spent analyzing the data they obtain on those nights.Gemini 8-m TelescopesGemini is an international partnership of the US, UK, Canada, Chile, Australia, Argentina and Brazil. An optical telescope in each hemisphere allows astronomers to study the entire sky. Gemini North is located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii and Gemini South on Cerro Pachón in the Chilean Andes. The telescopes are designed to give exquisitely sharp images. Canada is providing sensitive equipment that will help Gemini users make many exciting scientific discoveries.Canada-France-Hawaii 3.6-m Telescope (CFHT)An optical telescope, CFHT began operating in 1979 as a partnership between Canada, France and the University of Hawaii. CFHT pioneered techniques, including "adaptive optics", to remove the twinkle from stars caused by the continual motions of the Earth's atmosphere, thus making CFHT renowned for very sharp images.For Canadian astronomers, CFHT has played critical roles in their studies of massive black holes in the centres of galaxies, the evolution of stars, and in demonstrating that the universe will expand forever.Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) TelescopesNRC operates two optical telescopes located on 230-m high Little Saanich Mountain, 17 km north of Victoria, B.C.With continual upgrading, the 1.8-m Plaskett Telescope (1918) remains highly productive. It was used during its first two decades of its life to measure accurately the size and mass of the Milky Way galaxy. Today, among many programmes, it is used to determine orbits of asteroids that might strike the Earth.The 1.2-m McKellar Telescope (1962) is used for precision analyses of the properties of stars and pioneered development of techniques to find planets around nearby stars.The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)This 15-m telescope on Mauna Kea is a partnership between the UK, Canada and the Netherlands.Since its opening in 1987, the JCMT radio telescope has probed the interstellar medium, star forming regions, and the earliest phases of galaxy evolution, by studying their microwave radiation.JCMT astronomers detected complex molecules in Comet Hale-Bopp (1997) that had never before been seen in a comet.Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) TelescopesLocated near Penticton, B.C., the DRAO operates a seven-antenna radio telescope that is mapping large parts of the plane of the Milky Way galaxy to study how the interstellar gas changes from stellar birth to stellar death.A 26-m diameter radio telescope is used alone (for example, to study pulsars), or is often used in conjunction with the seven-antenna telescope to provide more complete maps of the Milky Way.A small radio telescope maintains daily records (dating back to 1946) of radio radiation from the Sun. These data are used worldwide for studying solar-terrestrial relationships such as long term climate change or predicting disturbances of power and communications caused by storms on the Sun.
What makes an atom And what makes what makes an atom Their has to be something that makes that and something that makes that Is it an on going process?
An atom is made of nuetrons, nutrino, anti neutrino, protons, electrons, positron, a nuecleus, and an electron cloud. They are all made from objects that are in you besides atoms.
Why energy of beta particles is different in beta particle decay?
because the total enegy of the decay is carried by beta particle and the nutrino.
Explain hoe hydrogen bonds affect the viscosity of liquid.?
Hydrogen bonds are INTERMOLECULAR FORCES i assume, in the order of weakest to strongest, 1) van der waal forces 2) dipole dipole 3) hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds are not INSIDE the molecule. They are the H's in the molecule attracted to other molecules... for example F-H-F then H will be attracted to the F in another F-H-F Hydrogen bonds are the strongest, therefore the more volatile, the higher the boiling point, the higher the melting point... and the higher the viscosity.
What are some fun free virtual pet sites I already have a howrse adopt me furry paws mara pet and neopets and nutrinopets?
Aywas is a 13 or older pet site where you can catch and collect pets like on pokemon. Customize your pets, breed them, battle and explore.Yourpet is a site where you can battle, play games, or just take care of your pet. Also new features will be on the site in the future. It is a great new site that just started.You can also try virtualpuppys. You can breed, show care for your own dog and much more!Nutrino pets and neopets are all good pet sites!another good game is nutrinopets. It is a fun and very addicting site.Nutrinopets is a FREE virtual pet site where the players are the most important part of the game! You can submit art to the player art gallery, you can share your ideas about the game, and even participate in events that change the course of the site! We offer fun and original web gaming in a safe environment for all ages and plenty of activities that will keep you coming back for more.Nutrinopets' virtual pets range from the mischevious Myel to the powerful Dragnerok and of course the ever-popular Scryptic. There are virtual pets for everyone! Also, there are many hidden ways to change how others see your virtual pets, such as the color fruits for simple color changes, or more unique styles, like Bat Wings and Evil Things to turn your virtual pets into zombies for Halloween! You can also equip your virtual pets with amazing equipment and weapons and head to the Battle Arena! The Battle Arena is where you can battle monsters to make your virtual pets more powerful, eventually becoming strong enough to take on ultimate challenges, like the Pendant Quests and the Great Undefeatable LAGAMONSTER! You can have up to four pets normally, but by donating for an upgraded account, you can adopt even MORE virtual pets, up to sixteen!Virtual pet games have often been simple web games, often never changing much after they are opened to the public. Here at Nutrinopets however, things are ALWAYS changing! Our staff and developers are always coming out with fresh, new ideas. Some ideas and even parts of the site itself came from the players suggestions! Nutrinopets IS where virtual pet gaming has truly evolved into something more than just a simple game to pass the time. Nutrinopets is a large community of people from all over the world and of all ages that all share a love for our virtual pets and the games they can enjoy with them.Another recommendation is neurogalaxy. Neurogalaxy have outstanding artwork, games, and we are allowed to chat with the staff. Also new stuff is coming.Another awesome game is keyapets it is fun and awesome although it is also really new. Or you can try Rescreatu, its really fun and always updating and you can hatch eggs and sell them or if you wanna sell items, you can do that too.You can also try Misticpets. Granted that it isn't the biggest one out there, but you don't find a community, that's more lovely, friendly or anything else! The staff is really great as well, they involve themselves in the forums, the chat and you can always talk to them. The art is gorgeous, users often give out MP (The ''special'' currency), give Premium gifts (Obtained with MP) and other things.You can get a hatchi-pal. A hatchi-pal is an egg that you nurse, until it hatches. It'll hatch along with you posting on the forumsI suggest this great site called ponystars powerpets it is not good as the other pet sites but it is still pretty good.All links to the sites are below!
What are the instrument used to study astronomical bodies?
The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Window on the UniverseAstronomers rely on electromagnetic radiation detected by different types of telescopes to determine the location, composition, temperature, motions and magnetism of celestial objects. Electromagnetic radiation travels in the form of waves at the speed of light (299 792 km/sec) through space. Electromagnetic waves range from very low frequency radio waves through infrared radiation and visible light to ultraviolet radiation, x-rays and finally, high frequency gamma rays.Together, these waves form the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their frequency and wavelength which are inversely related:the greater the wave's frequency, the shorter the wavelength.Telescopes: Essential Tools for AstronomersTelescopes provide the means to collect and analyze electromagnetic radiation from distant realms of the universe. Different types of telescopes are used for distinct regions of the spectrum such as visible light, near infrared, microwaves, and radio waves.Planets, stars, gaseous nebulae, and distant galaxies appear differently when "viewed" in each region of the spectrum. This is because various types of radiation are sensitive to differences in the temperature and chemistry of the objects. Even the fact that an object can be readily detected by a particular wavelength gives the astronomer important clues, such as whether it is hot or cold.There are different categories of telescopes: optical telescopes collect visible light, but other telescopes, for example radio telescopes, can collect radiation invisible to the human eye. Since Galileo pioneered the use of the optical telescope in the 17th century, increasingly more powerful instruments have been developed, including the Hubble Space Telescope and the new Gemini Telescopes. In 1932, Jansky invented radio telescopes, which have developed into facilities like the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.ptical Telescopes: Reflecting and RefractingA device such as a lens, mirror or antenna collects electromagnetic radiation from celestial objects and focuses it onto a detector. Optical telescopes use special versions of the charge-coupled devices found in video cameras, while radio telescopes use specialized receivers like those in radios or TV sets.The term refraction refers to the bending of light. Refracting telescopes employ a series of lenses to collect visible light. Most telescopes in use today are reflecting because bigger telescopes can be built with mirrors than with lenses. Reflecting telescopes have a concave primary mirror, normally parabolic in shape and located at the lower end of the telescope. It reflects the light of celestial objects to a focus. The light is often intercepted by a smaller mirror that reflects it down through a hole in the primary mirror to an instrument, such as a camera or a spectrograph, for analysis.Together, radio and optical telescopes help astronomers to build a more complete picture of a region of space.Radio Telescopes: Collectors of Invisible RadiationAll objects in space emit radio waves, so a radio telescope can be used to detect them. A large curved metal dish, or antenna that resembles a parabolic satellite TV dish, collects the radio waves and reflects them to a focus point above the centre of the dish. Here, a sensitive receiver converts them into an electrical signal, which is interpreted by a computer. Radio telescopes "see" through clouds of dust that optical telescopes cannot penetrate.There are two types of radio telescopes- single antenna or multiple antenna (interferometer). Images are created by scanning a single-antenna telescope across the sky, or by letting the rotation of the Earth move a group of telescopes pointed at the source of the radio wave emission. This scanning creates a sequence of signals, coming from different parts of the source. A computer processes these signals to create a representative image of a celestial body.National Research Council FacilitiesThe National Research Council (NRC) provides telescopes for Canadian astronomers and their students to use for their research. The largest facilities are international ones, located on the best sites in the northern (4200-m high Mauna Kea, Hawaii) and southern (2700-m high Cerro Pachón, Chile) hemispheres, where more than 300 nights a year offer clear viewing. NRC also operates radio and optical telescopes in British Columbia. Visitors are welcome at the B.C. facilities. NRC's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics designs and builds the sensitive instrumentation and writes software that enable the telescopes to detect signals from the furthest realms of the universe. Astronomers must compete for access to telescopes and may spend only a few nights (or shifts) a year observing on any one telescope. Most of their time is spent analyzing the data they obtain on those nights.Gemini 8-m TelescopesGemini is an international partnership of the US, UK, Canada, Chile, Australia, Argentina and Brazil. An optical telescope in each hemisphere allows astronomers to study the entire sky. Gemini North is located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii and Gemini South on Cerro Pachón in the Chilean Andes. The telescopes are designed to give exquisitely sharp images. Canada is providing sensitive equipment that will help Gemini users make many exciting scientific discoveries.Canada-France-Hawaii 3.6-m Telescope (CFHT)An optical telescope, CFHT began operating in 1979 as a partnership between Canada, France and the University of Hawaii. CFHT pioneered techniques, including "adaptive optics", to remove the twinkle from stars caused by the continual motions of the Earth's atmosphere, thus making CFHT renowned for very sharp images.For Canadian astronomers, CFHT has played critical roles in their studies of massive black holes in the centres of galaxies, the evolution of stars, and in demonstrating that the universe will expand forever.Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) TelescopesNRC operates two optical telescopes located on 230-m high Little Saanich Mountain, 17 km north of Victoria, B.C.With continual upgrading, the 1.8-m Plaskett Telescope (1918) remains highly productive. It was used during its first two decades of its life to measure accurately the size and mass of the Milky Way galaxy. Today, among many programmes, it is used to determine orbits of asteroids that might strike the Earth.The 1.2-m McKellar Telescope (1962) is used for precision analyses of the properties of stars and pioneered development of techniques to find planets around nearby stars.The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)This 15-m telescope on Mauna Kea is a partnership between the UK, Canada and the Netherlands.Since its opening in 1987, the JCMT radio telescope has probed the interstellar medium, star forming regions, and the earliest phases of galaxy evolution, by studying their microwave radiation.JCMT astronomers detected complex molecules in Comet Hale-Bopp (1997) that had never before been seen in a comet.Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) TelescopesLocated near Penticton, B.C., the DRAO operates a seven-antenna radio telescope that is mapping large parts of the plane of the Milky Way galaxy to study how the interstellar gas changes from stellar birth to stellar death.A 26-m diameter radio telescope is used alone (for example, to study pulsars), or is often used in conjunction with the seven-antenna telescope to provide more complete maps of the Milky Way.A small radio telescope maintains daily records (dating back to 1946) of radio radiation from the Sun. These data are used worldwide for studying solar-terrestrial relationships such as long term climate change or predicting disturbances of power and communications caused by storms on the Sun.
