muzzle velocity
The bolt.
bolt
Grooves in the barrel. That is called rifling.
I do not personally, but yes, there is a single shot rifle that can have the rifle barrel replaced with a shotgun barrel.
That term refers to the outline shape of the outside of a rifle barrel.
I wouldn't. That bulge is an area of weakness and always will be. The people who have shot that rifle are fortunate that the barrel did not give-way completely and blow up (called a "Kaboom" among shooters).
A bayonet is the name of a knife attached to the barrel of a rifle.
No.
One difference is that the inside of a shotgun barrel is smooth and the inside of a rifle barrel is what they call "fluted" which puts rotation on the bullet as it moves though the barrel.
Yes, they called it their "Youth Model" a.k.a. Boy's Rifle.
the musket does not have a rifled barrel and a rifle does
It depends.. if you have a carbine length barrel and will be using it on a rifle with a carbine length barrel, then yes. If you took it from a rifle with a rifle length barrel, and are putting it on a rifle with a carbine length barrel, then it won't function properly.