Hardy Weinburg
The Hardy-Weinberg principle is a bit like the "Punnett square for populations". A Punnett square can predict the probability of offspring's genotype based on parents' genotype, or the offsprings' genotype can be used to reveal the parents' genotype. The Hardy-Weinberg principle can be used to calculate the frequency of particular alleles based on frequency diseases. This principle can determine useful but difficult-to-measure facts about a population.
No allele can give an advantage
Yes, use the Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium equation.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
If you assume hardy-weinburg equilibrium, then:let B = frequency of black allele (dominant)b = frequency of white allele (recessive)BB (or B^2) = frequency of homozygous black sheep2Bb = frequency of heterozygous black sheepbb (or b^2) = frequency of white sheepSince 9% of the sheep are white, the frequency of white sheep is 0.09, or bb = 0.09, so b=.3, which means B = 1-b = 1-.3 = 0.7You should check to make sure that the hardy-weinburg assumption holds:BB = 0.492Bb = 0.42And BB + 2Bb = 0.91, which is the frequency of black sheep. ?The hardy-weinburg assumption is valid!
p is the value of an allele frequency.
No statements, but a few of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Random mating. No gene flow. No natural selection.
Genotype frequencies in a population.
no gene flow
Genetic equilibrium is a theoretical concept used to study the dymamics of single alleles in the population gene pool. In practice, there is no situation in which allele frequencies do not drift to some degree. Large populations may slow drift down, but there will still be drift.
Evolution is changes in the gene pool's allele frequencies.Evolution is changes in the gene pool's allele frequencies