0
There are some factors that make this nearly impossible to be accurate. POP (Point of Placement) is one factor in the costs. The further the installation from the carrier, the more it is going to cost. In a dense metropolitan area, costs can be as low as $3,500.00 a month for an OC3 circuit and as low as $1,200.00 a month for an OC1 circuit. This does not include installation, equipment, or tax costs.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
What is the minimum Optical Carrier level that the SONET ring must have to support the bandwidth of a T3?
Network+ Guide to Networks answer: OC1
What is the minimum optical carrier level that the sonet ring must have to support the bandwidth of the t3?
Network+ Guide to Networks answer: OC1
List out different telecom technologies?
Different standards depending on where you are at, but here in the United State some of the Telecom Circuit Types are as follows: B1 DS0 (56K Channel) DS1/T1 (European near equivalent is E1) DS3/T3 (European near equivalent is E3) SONET (OC1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192, OC-768) - (European near equivalent is SDH) xPON (passive optical networking) ACTIVE ETHERNET BRI (Basic Rate Interface) PRI (Primary Rate Interface) Services that are provided on these can be any of the following: ETHERNET ISDN (PRI or BRI) ADSL SHDSL E.SHDSL HDSL EOS (ETHERNET OVER SONET) RPR (RESILIENT PACKET RING) ATM (ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE) FRAME-RELAY MPLS GPON EPON GEPON APON SIP TRUNKING
What is the difference between OC-1 and OC-12?
An OC1 (Outrigger Canoe 1) is a single seat watercraft with an attachment arma. An OC12 is typically two OC6 (Outrigger Canoe built for 6 people) tied together.
What is Fluazifop-p-butyl?
Fluazifop-p-butyl is an herbicide more properly known as butyl (2R)-2-{3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenoxy}propanoate (SMILES CCCCOC(=O)[C@@H](C)OC1=CC=CC(OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)=C1).
Discuss Production function with two variable inputs?
Long Run Production With Variable Inputs:The long run is the lengthy period of time during with all inputs can be varied. There are no fixed output in the long run. All factors of production are variable inputs.We now analyze production function by allowing two factors say labor and capital to very while all others are held constant. With both factors are variable, a firm can produce a given level of output by using more labor and less capital or a greater amount of capital and less labor or moderate amounts of both. A firm continues to substitute one input for another while continuing to produce the same level of output.If two inputs say labor and capital are allowed to vary, the resulting production function can be illustrated in the figure 12(a).Diagram/Figure:In this figure each curve (called an isoquant) represents a different level of output. The curves which lie higher and to the right represent greater output levels than curves which are lower and to the left.For example, point D represents a higher output level of 250 units than point A or B which shows output level of 150 units.The curve isoquant which represents 150 units of output illustrate that the same level of output (150 units) can be produced with different combinations of labor and capital. Combination of labor and capital represented by A, can employ OL1 quantity of labor and OC1 units of capital to produce 150 units of output.The combination of labor and capital represented by point B will use only OL2 units of labor and OC1 of capital to produce the same level of output. Thus, if a country has surplus labor and less capital, it may use the combination of labor and capital represented by point A. In case the country has abundant capital and less labor, it might produce at point B. The isoquants through points A and B shows all the different combinations of labor and capita that can be used to produce 150 units of output.By ArkaBrata Bandyapadhyay,B.Sc Biotech, MBA.aki-d-biotechnologist-mba@hotmail.com also available in FB as "Aki D Amorous"
What are internal economies?
Distinguish between internal and external economies of scale. Internal economies of scale arise when firms increase their scale of production. Hence, they incur lower average costs of production, either through specialization or other factors. When average costs fall, giving the price of the good to be constant, profit margins of these firms will be increased. Thus, the individual firm benefits from internal economies of scale. External economies of scale arise when all firms in an industry experience decreasing average costs of production, which can be due to economies of concentration, information and disintegration. Unlike internal economies of scale, external economies of scales independent on the size of the individual firms in the industry as both small and large firms benefit from it. Secondly, internal and external economies of scale depend on several factors. Internal economies of scale arise due to technical economies, which states that as a firm increases its scale of production, it is able to delegate specific jobs to its workers. Hence, through specialization in a single job, the workers are able to improve their productivity through attaining higher levels of dexterity and skill through repeated practices. Thus when productivity per worker rises, the firm is actually producing a greater amount of goods and hence, the average cost of the good falls. Of course, internal economies of scale also depend on other factors, such as marketing economies, which basically states that a firm making bulk purchases on raw materials would be able to enjoy cheaper prices, such as financial economies, which states that as a firm increases its scale of production and need funds to buy more factors of production, it can get it from a bank at lower interest rates. This is because its larger assets and greater selling potential provides banks with greater security. And there are also less important factors such as risk bearing and managerial economies. External economies on the other hand, depend on mainly three different economies. As mentioned above, economies of concentration states that when firms in an industry are located close together, they can enjoy the pool of skilled workers and infrastructure provided by local colleges and the government respectively. Hence, through the provision of such valuable manpower and infrastructure, firms are able to attain lower average costs of production by employing these skilled workers with high productivity, or using the efficient road and communications networks to reduce transport and managerial costs. Likewise, economies of disintegration and information basically states that firms together can produce enough waste or by-products to make the packaging of these products a viable option, as in the emergence of subsidiary firms in economies of disintegration, or band together and share the costs of undertaking innovation of their products in economies of information. In the former, profits earned from the sale of the by-products can be used to lower average costs of production, while in the latter, the firms need only to pay less for innovation, which prevents average costs from skyrocketing. Finally, internal economies of scale affect the firm's average cost curve by shifting the initial position to the right along the curve. From the graph, it can be seen that a firm's initial position for output is OQ1, which costs OC1 to produce. However, if the firm were to increase it's output to OQ2, costs would fall to OC2 along the LRAC curve. Thus, internal economies of scales set in. however, external economies of scale do not result in a movement along the AC curve, but a shift of the AC curve itself. Hence, AC1 will shift downwards to AC2 and the firm, although still producing at OQ1, is able to enjoy lower costs of production from OC1 to OC2 due to the advancement of the industry as a whole. Thus concluding, the first difference is the size of the firms, the second is the factors involved and the third difference is how the AC curve of the firm is affected. etween internal and external economies of scale. Regards: (USMAN PATNI)
How do the components of a computer other than the CPU affect the speed at which you can access the internet?
Actually, most components, including the CPU, have little effect on webpage loading. For example, if you underclock a Phenom II CPU to 450 MHz (from 2800 MHz) webpages still load at the same speed! This is because webpage loading is a relatively quick process. Most webpages are 1 MB or less in size. The slowest component on your computer is the hard drive, which is where webpages download onto before displaying. (Some browsers may load into memory first, such as Chrome, Opera, and Safari, which is much faster) The harddrive is typically able to load data at 50 MB/s or as much as 120 MB/s. Meaning it takes less than 1/50th of a second to load the webpage off the slowest part of your computer! Most modern computers' memory is even faster, averaging 8,000 MB/s to as much as 17,800 MB/s! The real bottleneck, and the deciding factor in how fast a webpage loads is, in fact, your internet connection. Any computer on a slow internet connection will still load webpages slowly. As a general rule, Dial-up, Satellite, Wireless, Cellular, and ISDN connections are very slow. While Cable and DSL are standard speed, and FiOS, T1, T3, OC1, OC3, and other fiber lines are very, very fast. Internal networks such as LANs are also fast, averaging 100mbit/s to 1000mbit/s. The CPU does, however, become involved if the website contains elements such as Java and Flash. These are performed client-side on your computer, whereas almost all other contents are done server-side by the website itself, rather than your computer. But even then, a 2.0 GHz Pentium4 or faster should be more than enough to load it at faster-than-human-blink speed. It's pretty much always your internet connection you'll be waiting on, and nothing else. Games are totally different, however.
Is 6.5 MBPS fast?
6 Mbps, or 6 Megabits per second, or 768 Kilobytes per second. That means every 1 second there are 768 Kilobytes of data transfered. If You are talking about internet speed, for year 2010 is pretty good speed. You can download a movie in few hours, song in few seconds... As of 7/31/2010, average Cable companies provide 4 to 12 mbit connections. However, in reality, you rarely get more than 1/2 of this. DSL has a slightly higher rate of utilization (60-70%), and are typically sold from 256 kbit to 10mbit, varying wildly. Ultimately, the two are very, very similar in average, but performance differences from location to location based on the company, technology, condition of cable or DSL lines, etc. Dialup is typically called 56k but this is a different measurement, called 'kilobauds'. A 56k connection at a high rate (48k) can average 9 KB/s or 72kbit. Most cellular internet lines average 256 kbit. Most satellite averages 1mbit or less. (Higher is theoretically possible, but not under realistic, sustained usage.) Verizon FiOS and other FiOS lines average 10 to 40mbit. First-level fiber optic lines, such as OC1, averages 51mbit. NOT to be confused with T1, which is NOT fiber optic, and averages 1.5mbit. T3 averages 45mbit. Overall, 6mbit is approximately an 'average' internet connection speed. it should be noted there is also an 'upload' speed, which is typically MUCH lower than your download. For example, it's usually a 1:8 ratio for cable. In other words, an 8mbit cable line usually have 1mbit of upload. This is how fast you SEND files, rather than RECEIVE them. DSL is usually a 1:4 ratio, and a large reason for DSL's continued and growing popularity. It is preferable for businesses or users who send more than they receive. T1, T3, and OC3 have a 1:1 ratio, uploading and downloading equally. Dialup is usually a 1:2 ratio. IE, if they receive at 8 KB/s, they send at 4 KB/s. But this is technically lower as the act of sending also uses some of the downstream, and since they are already slow, a large outgoing transfer causes a much bigger bottleneck. If the upstream is too low to support the downstream, it can also limit the downstream. Typically, you need 1 mbit of upstream for every 5.5 mbit of downstream. So having 1mbit of up and 12mbit of down is a misnomer: You will be limited to only 5.5mbit of actual downstream. This varies based on the packet size, settings, distance of carrier, and protocol (such as IP, IPS, IPX, UDP, etc.) but is a good general rule. Some cable and DSL companies have come under scrutiny as a result of this indescrepency, as has Verizon for their FiOS service.
