As a neutral atom, sodium possesses 1 electron in its outermost (3rd) energy level. As a 1+ ion, it possesses 8 electrons in its second energy level, forming an octet, which is the optimum number of electrons for sodium to possess in its outermost energy shell.
A valence electron is an electron in the outer shell (or cloud or orbital as it is sometimes referred) farthest away from the nucleus. These are the electrons that are transferred or shared in chemical bonding. (A "full" outer shell refers to atoms with (usually) 8 electrons in its outer shell.)
There are many elements which have no unpaired electrons in their outer shells. The Noble gasses all have closed shells of valence electrons. The alkali earth metals (Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium etc) also have no unpaired electrons, although their outer shell is not entirely full.
this questions seems a bit unclear, but I will try my best: The electrons are located on the outermost part of the atom. Each electon in the layers (yes, there are multiple layers) travel in an elliptical path around the nucleus.hope it helps;)edit - if this also helps, electrons have an orbitalpath.
Closed cycle
closed system
The optimum number of electrons in the outermost valence shell for phosphorus atoms is eight, known as an octet. Unbonded phosphorus atoms have 5 valence electrons and undergo chemical bonding in order to gain the other 3, either by covalent bonding or by ionic bonding.
closed open
Plato: C. closed
In order to have the electricity or the flow or electrons going around the circuit, the circuit must be closed. If it is not closed then electrons cannot flow.
electrons need a closed loop called what in order to move?
An atom stripped of its valence electrons, so that its remaining electrons are all in closed shells.
When you start at the negative end of the battery, you start to lose electrons and the circuit is closed.
A closed path through which electrons flow is known as a circuit.
current bro
A closed path.
An electrical circuit.
An atom stripped of its valence electrons, so that its remaining electrons are all in closed shells.