That depends on what 'major' means to you.
If you mean the historic home of Judaism, the place where Judaism is ultimately
'from', and the only place where it can be fully practiced, then that place is Israel.
If you mean the place where the most Jews currently reside, and form communities
whose common unifying theme is the Judaism of its residents, then again, the leading
location is Israel, with other major locations in North America, South America, Europe,
Africa, and Australia, and some relatively less major ones in Asia. At any given time,
it's probably accurate to leave Antarctica off of the list.
There are about 14 million Jews in the world; seven million in the Americas, six million in Asia (Israel), two million in Europe and 100,000 in Africa. Out of the world population of 6,804,200,000 that's .2%
As of 2014:
Israel.......... 6,042,000 America....... 5,425,000 France......... 478,000 Canada........ 380,000 United Kingdom 290,000 Russia........ 190,000 Argentina.... 181,500 Germany......118,000 Brazil........... 107,300
Australia...... 97,500
South Africa.. 70,000
Ukraine......... 65,000
Hungary........ 48,000
Mexico.......... 40,000
Belgium........ 30,000
Holland......... 29,900
Italy.............. 28,100
Chile............. 18,500
Other countries, combined: 250,200
The largest metropolitan areas for Jews can be found at this link. They are primarily cities in Israel and the United States.
israel and north america
Judaism's primary language is Hebrew
Judaism.
A primary location is a place where things belong. For example, a koala's primary location is Australia.
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For Judaism and Christianity it is Jerusalem. For Islam it is Mecca.
Israel; and after that, America.
To be g-d's hands and perfect the world.
Israel.
Judaism is practiced wherever Jews live. The only country where Judaism is the primary religion is Israel.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
That there is only one true god.
That depends when. Before they were exiled all over the world, the Jews were in Israel.