8.0 to 8.3, with a central estimate of 8.2
A gamma-ray burst, or GRB, is one of the most energetic events in the universe. The Fireball model describes why GRBs tend to have high energy levels. It also explains the time scales that govern them and why they generate an afterglow.
The main cause of a Gamma Ray Burt, or GRB, is when a star dies it collapses into itself. Same consept as a black hole. But when GRB's occur, the tar spins very fast, and flattens itself out like a pancake, and a shot of gamma radiation is projected outward on both sides of the star. There are two types of GRB's, short and long bursts. Fortunately these are very rare, and the chances of one of these hitting the earth is 1 in 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000. If one of these do ht the earth it will immediately destroy our ozone killing everything on Earth instantly.
I presume you mean a "gamma ray burst." This is a burst of gamma ray energy, lasting from less than a second to a few minutes, that comes from outside our galaxy. Despite being from that far away, they are measurable on our planet, meaning the energy release in one second of a gamma ray burst is greater than the energy that our Sun will release in its entire ten billion year life cycle. GRB's are now thought to be from the collapse of a massive star, but the question has not been completely settled. If a gamma ray burst from within our galaxy were to hit our Earth, all life on our planet, even bacteria, would end within a few days.
They're mostly caused from vast amounts of material being simultaneously devoured by a black hole (often the leftover of a very very large star that goes supernova). There are only a few GRB per galaxy per million years. Check out the site I linked below.
Gamma rays are constantly speeding toward Earth from sources around the universe. These high-energy waves are blocked by the atmosphere, keeping us nice and safe. A nearby gamma-ray burst could potentially alter the chemistry of the upper atmosphere, destroying the ozone layer and producing brown nitrogen dioxide, which would reduce global temperatures.
small GRB are believed to come from binary neutron stars, however, there have been none observed in the Milkyway.
The largest supernova observed is SN 1998bw, which occurred in 1998 as a result of the gamma-ray burst GRB 980425. It was associated with a nearby hypernova and released an extraordinary amount of energy, estimated to be about 100 times that of a typical supernova. This event was notable not just for its size but also for its implications in understanding the relationship between supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. Other contenders for the title include supernovae like SN 2006gy, which also demonstrated immense brightness and energy output.
Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are relatively rare cosmic events. On average, about one GRB is detected each day in the observable universe. However, these events are unpredictable and can vary in frequency.
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Yes, they may be inferred by the bending of light rays in their vicinity. And the creation of the extraordinarily energetic Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) may be due to one Black Hole absorbing another. Or at least one neutron star absorbing another.
GRB. But that is for Gerber Scientific, Inc.
temb;grb