The first Four Caliphs are termed "Rashidoon" the Rightful. The first two were the Fathers-in-Law of the Holy Prophet SAW and his closest friends and associates. The latter two were the Sons-in-Law of the holy Prophet SAW. The first three were agreed upon by all Muslims (Companions), the fourth Hazrat Ali RAU was disputed as he became Caliph in very disturbed days of Islam.
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Umayyads
Madinah
The Umayyads and the Abbasids.
The rightly guided caliphs
The Umayyad Caliphate came after the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs.
There were FOUR Rightly-Guided Caliphs after Muhammad's death (Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali). After Ali was assassinated, the Umayyads swept into power, ending the age of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and beginning a more imperial form of government.
Two changes that the Rightly Guided Caliphs made during their rule was the institution of consultation and meetings of the council.
They used Muhammad's actions as guides to leadership.
Hazrat Ali RAU was the last Rightly Guided Caliph. Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz is also considered a Rightly Guided Caliph as he also rules justly.
It depends on whether you consider western Anatolia to be part of Southwest Asia. The Rightly-Guided Caliphs conquered all other regions of Southwest Asia, including Arabia, Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, and eastern Anatolia. However, Muslims under the Rightly-Guided Caliphs left western Anatolia under Byzantine control.
There were FOUR Rightly-Guided Caliphs after Muhammad's death (Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali). After Ali was assassinated, the Umayyads swept into power, ending the age of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and beginning a more imperial form of government.