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Most neutrino detectors use an enclosed container of purified water, which is shielded from all forms of terrestrial radiation. Neutrinos that interact with the water will produce tiny scintillations that are detected by sensitive photomultiplier tubes circling the container. Various forms of neutrinos will produce energy bursts at a specific energy level.
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory in Canada used heavy water (deuterium oxide) which added higher sensitivity to the detection apparatus.
The Large Volume Detector in Italy uses liquid hydrocarbons in stainless steel tanks, and observes neutrinos that impact the carbon-12 nuclei.
What else can I help you with?
At the solar neutrino observatory what is used to capture neutrinos?
In the solar neutrino observatory, neutrinos are captured using tanks filled with a type of heavy water called deuterium oxide. Neutrinos interact with the deuterium nuclei in the water, producing a faint flash of light that can be detected by sensitive instruments.
What is a solar neutrinos?
Solar neutrinos are electron neutrinos that are in the sun. The sun is what produces nuclear fusion.
Do solar neutrino carry energy?
Yes, solar neutrinos do carry energy. Neutrinos are extremely light, neutral particles that are produced in nuclear reactions within the Sun's core. The energy carried by solar neutrinos can affect processes such as nuclear reactions on Earth.
Astronomers are interested in solar neutrinos because neutrinos carry with them information about?
The nuclear reactions going on in the heart of the Sun.
Do solar neutrinos observed on Earth come from the hot spots in the corona?
No, solar neutrinos observed on Earth primarily originate from nuclear fusion processes occurring in the core of the Sun, not from the hot spots in the corona. These neutrinos are produced when hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium, releasing energy in the form of neutrinos that escape the Sun's dense core and travel through space. While the corona does emit various forms of radiation, it is not a significant source of neutrinos.
How can neutrino oscillation explain the solar neutrino problem?
The solar neutrino problem relates to the discrepancy between the proportions of the different flavours of neutrinos emitted by the sun in the theoretical model as opposed to experimental measurements. Whilst the sun primarily emitts electron neutrinos, neutrino observatories such as SNO+ detected neutrinos in roughly equal proportions of the three flavours; furthermore the quantity of electron neutrinos detected was less than the theoretically predicted value. Both of these can be explained by neutrino oscillation - in which the neutrinos alter their mass to change their flavour (ie. an electron neutrinos gain mass to change to a muon neutrino). This would also explain the relative lack of electron neutrinos, thus solving the solar neutrino problem!
Are scientists trying hard to detect solar neutrino?
Yes but not at much high level
Explanation of missing solar neutrinos?
Neutrinos are incredibly hard to detect so the "absence" of neutrinos doesn't mean they are not there. It was long thought that neutrinos did not decay. We now know they do so. Thus, the lower than expected number of neutrinos detected coming from the Sun has been fully explained. It took four decades but the problem is now fully resolved.
What are these panels used for?
capture energy from the sun:)
What particle do you detect coming directly from the solar interior?
Neutrinos are the particles that are detected coming directly from the solar interior. These particles are produced by nuclear reactions in the core of the Sun and are able to pass through vast amounts of matter, making them excellent indicators of solar activity.
What energy can be captured in thermal collectors or photovoltaic collectors?
Thermal collectors can capture solar energy as heat, which can be used for heating water or air. Photovoltaic collectors can capture solar energy as light, which can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic cells.
How do measurements of neutrinos from the sun pose a problem for modern astronomy?
At present, no problems. 15 years ago, scientists had no explanation for the small number of solar neutrinos detected at our Earth. Either we didn't understand neutrino formation in our Sun, our detectors were wrong, or neutrinos had the capacity to decay. The latter seemed to be the least likely possibility, so scientists argued for many years which of the first two was correct. In 1998 it was discovered that neutrinos do, indeed, decay into other neutrinos. The reason we weren't seeing as many neutrinos as we expected was because the ones we were expecting to see had decayed into other types. So the solar neutrino problem is no longer a problem.
