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The Russian Revolution of 1917 was led by the Bolshevik Party. The Bolsheviks were the radical elements of Russia's communist party that believed the only way to fix Russia was to overthrow the capitalist system. The provisional government's decision to continue fighting Germany in World War One alienated the Russian people, and communism grew in popularity as a new alternative. Finally, the Bolsheviks staged the October Revolution, where they seized control of St. Petersburg in 1917 and began spreading their influence throughout Russia. Soon after the Bolsheviks came to power, a civil war erupted between the communist Red Army and the loyalist White Army, which opposed Lenin. It wasn't until 1923 that the White Army was defeated and the USSR was born.

Here are some links for more information. The first one describes the Bolshevik Revolution in general, and the second one is a BBC account of Lenin's life and the pivotal role he played in the formation of Soviet Russia.

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Q: What led a revolution in Russia and established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics?
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What does 'USSR' stand for?

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics


What is the largest of the Soviet Socialist Republics?

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