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Philip II of the Greek kingdom of Macedon introduced the "Sarissa" which was a double-pointed pike over 6 m (18 ft) in length.
Soliders of Philip's army were equipped with the sarissa, a double-pointed pike over 6 m (18 ft) in length which had a greater reach than traditional Greek weapons. This innovation meant that Philip's army's phalanxes could make the first strike, which transformed them into a deadly force.
The phalanx of the Ancient Macedonian kingdom and the later Hellenistic successor states was a development of the hoplite phalanx. The 'phalangites' were armed with the much longer sarissa and less heavily armoured. Since the sarissa was wielded two-handed, phalangites carried much smaller shields that were strapped to their arms. Therefore, although a Macedonian phalanx would have formed up in a similar manner to the hoplite phalanx, it possessed very different tactical properties. With the extra spear length, up to five rows of phalangites could project their weapon beyond the front rank-keeping the enemy troops at a greater distance. The Macedonian phalanx was much less able to form a shield wall, but the lengthened spears would have compensated for this. Such a phalanx formation also reduces the likelihood that battles would degenerate into a pushing match.
In 358 BC, his new army successfully invaded first Paeonia and then Illyria, regaining territory that Macedonia had ceded.
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