Very little, except for those stationed at Hiroshima and Nagasaki for a time after the war.
The main one has been the terror of the cold war and all the side effects from that terror.
the effects are centuries of radiation that is close to impossible to live in there is never a safe tome to come out of your house and that alone is still not enough to keep you alive as the only thing radiation proof is led and there is not enough led in the world to line all the houses in the world with it or even a small place that it effects .
Many, but the US Buster-Jangle Uncle effects test was the first. It was 1.2KTons exploded at a depth of about 3 feet, to test cratering effects. It produced massive fallout levels. Most underground testing is done much deeper to prevent contamination.
nuclear deterrence - the idea that if you attack me with nuclear weapons then I will attack you back with nuclear weaponsmutual assured destruction - the idea that if you attack me with nuclear weapons then I will totally destroy you with nuclear weapons and if I attack you with nuclear weapons then you will totally destroy me with nuclear weapons - thus any nuclear attack by either party will result in the certain destruction of both parties
There were no nuclear weapons in WW1. The nuclear bomb was not invented until WW2.
Poisonous air to breath.
Yes, the majority of the uses of the word nuclear do come from physical science.
Carnage
Nuclear weapons is a rare sight, and used to protect soldiers in war.
Fission and fusion
Radioactive fallout
The blast effects (which is all the question as worded asks about) would be the same as the blast effects of a weight of TNT identical to the nuclear bomb's yield (by definition). However a nuclear bomb has additional effects that the TNT doesn't, but as this question only asked about blast effects, I won't visit them.
Nuclear has radiation. But when used correctly there are no dangerous effects if you are using the proper precautions.
This is best explained in Glasstones's book The Effects of Nuclear Weapons.
mutants
no
Some of the effects on the human body from a nuclear explosion are death (from thermal energy/blast effects or super lethal radiation exposure), infertility and blood disorders.