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If the C is followed by an E, I or Y, then the C would soften into an S sound.

There are some ways to stop the following letters from softening the C:

Firstly, we can double the C like "soccer". However, this might not work out because it sometimes make both hard and soft sounds like "accident","accept","accent","access","success", etc.

Secondly, we can put an H after C like "architect","chemical","orchid","schedule","orchestra","chyme",etc. However, this might sound quite unobvious because CH is already a consonant digraph which sounds like a voiceless J like "chair","chain","chin","chart","Chess",etc.

Thirdly, we can replace the C with a K like "king","kind","keep", etc. The C and K generally makes the same sound.

If the following letter is an E, I or Y, you'll notice that we use a K instead. That's because if we use the C with these following letters, then it'll soften into an S sound.

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Q: What should we do if we want a hard C but the following would soften?
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What are the rules for using C or K?

The C and K generally makes the same sound but for which one to use depends on the following letters. If the following letter is E, I or Y, then we use a K instead because if we use a C, the following letters would soften the C into an S sound. If the following letter is anything else, then we can use a C, because it'll remain a hard C and this is quite usual to use. Things doesn't always follow the rules and there are some rule-breaker exceptions. Sometimes, we use a K although the following letters won't soften the C like "karma", "krill", "krypton", "koala", "kosher", "Korea", "kangaroo", "Kansas", etc. The K is generally used if the following letters would soften the C, otherwise we would use a C instead.


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Related questions

When the C and G will soften?

When the C or G is followed by an E, I or Y, then they'll soften. Soft C sounds like an S while soft G sounds like a J. If we want these consonants to be hard but the following letter would soften, then for C, when can add an H like chemical, orchid, schedule, orchestra, etc. However, CH is already a consonant digraph that sounds like a voiceless J like chair, chain, chime, choice, choose, chance, chat, chart, chase, chin, church, etc. so it might get quite vague and confusing. Sometimes, if wanted a hard C but the following letter would soften, then we can use a K instead like kid, kind, king, kill, kiss, keen, keep, kestrel, etc. If we want a hard G but the following letter would soften the G, we can add a U but it'll become a silent U like guitar, guide, guard, guess, guest,etc. If we double the consonant, then the letter would remain hard although the following letter would soften. Sometimes, there are some exceptions. For example, give, girl, giggle, get, tiger, gear and verb tenses ending with G like banging and ringing remains a hard G sound although the following letters would soften the G. If the verb tenses like banging and ringing becomes a soft G, then it would sound odd, so that might be the reason why the G won't soften although the following letters would soften the G.


What are the rules for using C or K?

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