If you do not want to change the drain pipes, you will need to install a toilet that matches the existing rough-in. If you can find a brand name and model name or number you can order an exact replacement or cross-reference to find a fit.
12 inches from the center of the drain to the back wall behind the tank. Some toilets are 10" rough in. Also should be 18" from side wall to center of toilet if possible.
The 2003 International Plumbing Code calls for a minimum of 15" clearance from the center of the water closet (toilet) to the nearest side wall or other fixture and 21" clearance from the front of the bowl to the closest wall or fixture.
Code minimum 15" to center of toilet from side wall.
Center of the hole to the back wall behind the tank. Should be 12 inches.
It all depends on how mentally/physically the Human is challenged.
No, it is fat.
A standard toilet roughs in at 12" from the wall.
You can build a platform to raise the toilet enough to connect to it or get a wall mount toilet and frame a wall to hang it from.
No. It needs room to move. At least a two inch clearance is preferable.
A contractor drilled into the wall by accident. Should the contractor replace the wiring in the wall in order to pass inspection.
A toilet that has a Back Exit hooks up to a drain pipe in the wall, and not through the floor which is most common. This is seen mainly in remodeling situations or where a wall hung toilet is used to make mopping easier.
Depends on the toilet being purchased, but generally 12 inches from the wall to the center of the toilet flange for a residential toilet.