Technically, there is no answer to that question, as there was no formal declaration of war, and no peace-treaty at the end either.
The Confederate artillery firing on the US Army garrison of Fort Sumter on a small island in Charleston Harbour is regarded as the action that started the fighting. But the Confederates claim that they didn't want a war, and they were only asserting their sovereignty over South Carolina.
Alternative answers to the question include John Brown's attack on the Federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and the guerilla warfare in Kansas in 1855-56.
There was no actual declaration of war.
Lincoln announced that the Union would hold the US Army garrison on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbour, which the Confederates considered to be Southern territory.
When Confederate artillery fired on the garrison, the war was on, and Lincoln appealed for volunteers.
Land mines were first used by the Confederates in the Civil War. Later the Union also used them despite the fact almost all people concerned believed them to be inhumane. A typical land mine was a buried keg of gunpowder, near the earth's surface. The mine was detonated by a pressure
fuse covered by a board or some other camouflage.
The British fired the first shots of American Revolutionary War at Lexington, on April 18,1775.
Broadside the simultaneous firing of all the armament on one side of a warship
No one knows. One account by a British soldier was that it was the Patriots that fired first when the English came. Another account from the patriots say that a patriot soldier hiding in the hedges fired the first shot. Others say it was the English. Some say it was the loyalists. Each side had different stories. No one knew then an no one knows today who fired the first shots.
The first shots were fired at Fort Sumter South Carolina. They were fired by the South or also known as the Confederacy. The accepted answer is Fort Sumter, where the Confederates fired on the US Army garrison to assert their sovereignty over South Carolina. This might be taken as a declaration of war by the new Confederate States of America - a nation that Lincoln did not recognize, which is why he did not make any declaration of war, only a threat to put down a rebellion of states.
First Battle of Bull RunThe 1st Bull Run was in fact the first battle of the Civil War. The Attack on Fort Sumter only "led" to the Civil War.
Confederates fired on Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor.
The Confederates - with artillery fire from Charleston, across the harbour to the tiny island-garrison of Fort Sumter.
The American Civil War's first shots were fired at Fort Sumter, a fortress located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Occupied by Union troops, the fort had for months been a thorn in the side of the South Carolina Confederates: they finally fired upon it (then shortly occupied it) in April of 1861, thereby initiating the start of hostilities that would become the Civil War.
The British fired the first shots of American Revolutionary War at Lexington, on April 18,1775.
Fort BarrancasThis is perhaps a bit on the short side and would profit from a fair amount of explanation. First, the likely answer. The first shot was fired by members of the union army stationed at Fort Barrancas under the command of Lieutenant Adam J. Slemmer. They fired on a group of southerners, probably Alabama militia, who were apparently attempting to cross the drawbridge to investigate claims that the fort had been abandoned.Second, some more detail. Fort Barrancas is in Pensacola, Florida. The shots were fired on or about January 8, 1861, which is several months before what is usually claimed as the first shots of the conflict (at Fort Sumter).
Actually before any shots were fired in what was to become the US Civil War, Provisional President Jefferson Davis made plans for peace. He named a three man committee with the goal of reaching a peaceful settlement between the two opposing sides.
Henry S. Farley, a Lieutenant, fired the first shot at Fort Sumter. The Battle of Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the American Civil War.
Broadside the simultaneous firing of all the armament on one side of a warship
No one knows. One account by a British soldier was that it was the Patriots that fired first when the English came. Another account from the patriots say that a patriot soldier hiding in the hedges fired the first shot. Others say it was the English. Some say it was the loyalists. Each side had different stories. No one knew then an no one knows today who fired the first shots.
british
Technically, the first shots were fired by the Confederates at Fort Sumter. Lincoln could not actually declare war, because that would mean recognising the Confederacy as a sovereign nation. But when he responded by calling for volunteer troops, that was taken as the equivalent to a declaration of war, and the eight states of the Upper South each felt it necessary to declare for one side or the other. From that point, the two sides were lined up. Hpwever, historians often like to claim that the first shots of the Civil War were actually fired by John Brown in 1859, or even the 'Bleeding Kansas' cross-border raiders in 1856.
Washington was not a leader in the war for either side. He was a young lower rank British officer who fired the first shots of the war by mistake and ignorance.