Northern Virginia. You can find it on a map by searching Battle of Manassas as it is known in the South, or Battle of Bull Run as it is known in the North. Actually there were two battles, the first in 1861 and the second in 1862. The battlefield site is a national memorial today, and it shouldn't be too hard to find.

The Battle of First Bull Run, fought on July 21, 1861.

The disastrous defeat made the Union aware that the war would last far longer than few months, as estimated by the Federal Government.

Virginia saw the most (122) battles of the US Civil War.

1 - The Battle of Fort Stedman of March 25,1865, that was the last attempt to break through the Federal Lines east of Petersburg.

2 - The Battle of Dinwiddie Court House of March 31, 1865, when Pickett's Units of cavalry and infantry drove back Sheridan Army from Five Forks up to Dinwiddie but were not able to defeat the Federals, who, after a day long combat fought back, supported by the Fifth Corps lead by Gen. Warren.

The Confederates were then forced to retreat to the position of Five Forks.

Yes, Bentonville, right at the end. It was Joe Johnston's last throw.

It gave the North the advantage in manufacturing everything from cannons to bullets to the very buttons on their uniforms. Most iron ore mines were in Northern territory, as well as the smelting plants. Couple this with the rich veins of coal for fuel, oil for heat, and an already trained and ready army, and you must wonder what southerners were thinking.

Fort Sumter is located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.

Gordon Meade.

He was told that he should have pursued and destroyed the Army of Northern Virginia.

The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) is remembered as the bloodiest single day of combat during the American Civil War.

It is arguably a Union victory, albeit by the slimmest of margins. (The Army of Northern Virginia retreated from the field and back across the Potomac River.) It was enough for Abraham Lincoln to announce his Emancipation Proclamation, which was intended to free the slaves held in the areas of rebellion.

The Ironclads have been used in America during the Civil War by both sides.

The first encounter took place on March 9, 1862 into Hampton Road, between the CSS "Virginia", that on march 8 successfully attacked a Union Fleet gathered there and USS "Monitor". The outcome of the fighting remained undecided but "Virginia" did no more attempt another sortie.

Many ironclads were built both by Confederates and Union sides for the duration of the war. The most notable battle in which ironclads were involved was the naval battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864.

This battle took place in North Carolina in 1863. The Confederates were attempting to recapture Fort Anderson and the City of New Bern. The Federals were deeply entrenched and Confederate forces had to retreat. The battle took place between March 13 to 15, 1863.

Remember at the beginning of the war, everyone thought it would be over very quickly. Many soldiers on both the North and South enlisted for 90 days or 1 year. The South thought the Northern states were not interested in going to war to fight to keep control of the Southern states. They felt that the Union soldiers were not dedicated as much as they were to defending their rights and homeland. The South quickly raised soldiers who were ready to fight. They had many officers and generals who were experienced soldiers & leaders. This was proven by the battles won by the Confederacy in the first year of the war.

Even after 3 years of fighting, the Confederacy was still seeking support from England. They felt that if England recognized them as a separate country, then that would legitimize their government and they would have support needed to continue to fight. This never happened.

Both sides in the conflict did not really understand the strength of feelings they each elicited on the other side. The North did not really believe the South will secede from the Union, since this had been threatened many times before but not actually carried through. The South, on the other hand, did not believe the North would go to war over the preservation of the Union since in every other respect the South was not actually threatening the Northern way of life. From their point of view all they wanted was to be left alone.

Interestingly, Lincoln was well aware of the weakness and intangibility of the North's cause and it is this which led him (among other reasons) to issue the Emancipation proclamation. Freedom is one of the few truly universal ideas for which people have been truly been willing to die.

The other point to remember was that the South saw itself as a far superior producer of soldiers than the North. This was not entirely inaccurate as the South did have the better officer cadre and its soldiers, raised in the wilder agrarian environment of the South , were more used to the rigors of military life. The fact that the North had the better industrial infrastructure necessary to support a War Economy was not immediately apparent and would only become apparent later on in the War.

ANSWER

On Oct.1,1862 the Union Army under Gen. Buell set out from Louisville marching southeast against Bragg's Confederate Army standing at Bardstown. The Confederates fell back toward Perryville, where on Oct. 8th the homonymous battle took place. It was part of the campaign fought for the control of Eastern Tennessee.

Gettysburg ruined the South! Serves those Johnny Rebs right, they deserved it! because the north had better high ground and they had a lot more amount of people to fight for them. Grant's victory over Pemberton (a Pennsylvanian who chose to wear the uniform of a Confederate general) at Vicksburg is considered the most decisive battle by some historians because it split the South in two, completing one part of General Scott's three-part plan for strangling the South. [Efforts to capture Richmond were botched by General McClellan, and the US Navy blocade was only 2/3 successful.] Gettysburg was a three-day battle. Lee did well enough on the first two days, but he lost on the third day, more to Meade's subordinates than to Meade himself. Pemberton abandoned Vicksburg to Grant on the third day of Gettysburg, and Northern newspapers concentrated on Gettysburg instead. [In World War II, General Clark had his thunder stolen in a similar manner as he let a German army escape so he could capture Rome for its propaganda value, but it was all for naught because it coincided with Eisenhower's invasion of Normandy. Like the Seige of Vicksburg, the Italian Campaign had dragged on slowly. Like Gettysburg, the Normandy Invasion was new and exciting in the public consciousness. Unlike Vicksburg, Rome had no strategic value.] Also, note that Pemberton was disliked and distrusted by other Confederate generals because he was born in the North, yet he held Vicksburg until it became indefensible before withdrawing his army. To answer the original question, the South actually won most of the large battles, but Vicksburg was decisive for its strategic value, and Gettysburg was a fantastic Northern propaganda victory. It dissolved any chance that a British army would attack the North from Canada, and a French army would arise from Mexico to reinforce the South.

The American Civil War was battled between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, an assortment of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861. The contention started basically because of the long-standing conflict over the establishment of subjection. On February 9, 1861, Jefferson Davis, a previous U.S. Representative and Secretary of War, was chosen President of the Confederate States of America by the individuals from the Confederate protected show. Following four wicked long periods of contention, the United States crushed the Confederate States. Eventually, the states that were in defiance were readmitted to the United States, and the establishment of subjugation was abrogated from one side of the country to the other.

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The first major battle of the Civil War was fought around the town of Manassas, Virginia, some 25 miles west and just south of Washington, D.C. Known as the First Battle of Bull Run (for a stream in the area), the battle occurred in July of 1861 and resulted in a moderate Confederate victory.

Yes, as General Philip Henry Sheridan defeated the Confederate army here. This helped Lincoln get reelected in 1864.

I would like to improve the answer as follows:

Gen. Sheridan won the decisive, pivotal battle of Cedar Creek which led to the definitive control of Shenandoah Valley by the Union.

Indeed in the Valley no battle called "the Battle of Shenandoah" was fought during the Civil War. Several campaigns were instead carried out there and each one was marked out with a number of battles, some of which of high strategic importance.

Ft. Sumter was fired upon on April 12, 1861, for 40 hours straight.

On June 17th and 18th of 1864, near Lynchburg, Virginia, the forces of Confederate General Jubal Early stopped Union General David Hunter in his attempt to capture the aforementioned city. Early was able to keep Hunter off balance and used a ploy of receiving reinforcements to cause Hunter into a retreat.

The first Battle of Manassas or First Bull Run was the first large scale major action of the US Civil War. The first land battle however was the Battle of Philippi in what was then still Virginia. It was fought June 23, 1861. A naval bombardment of Confederate land artillery batteries by US Navy gunboats took place at Sewells Point, Virginia, May 18-19, 1861 making it the first battle of the war after Sumter.

It had to invade the self-styled Confederate nation, which could claim that it didn't want a war.

This would mean selecting Generals who had the urge to destroy enemy forces, and this took Lincoln some time.

The other big imperative was to maintain the naval blockade, to prevent the South from exporting their cotton in exchange fo was-supplies.

Yes, in Georgia.

He was more-or-less fantasising that he and his cabinet could continue the struggle from somewhere West of the Mississippi.

Hs two-year prison sentence earned him some sympathy, and he was allowed a dignified retirement.

The newly-formed Confederate States of America's first general officer, Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard, led the forces (estimated to be 500) who relentlessly bombarded the significantly outgunned union forces (85 men) under U.S. Major Robert Anderson, beginning the siege at 4:30 a.m on April 12, 1861, and ending 34 hours later. President Abraham Lincoln immediately called for 75,000 volunteers to step up and suppress the rebellion, which prompted four southern slave states to join the Confederacy.

The Confederates won

The Confederates under the command of General PT Beauregard bombarded the fort for about 14 hours then Major Anderson surrendered the fort. The only casualty was a Union horse!!!

Fort Sumter was an act of Southern rebellion that in a short period of time would become the US Civil War.

As the fort was surrounded by Southern cannon fire, it was forced to surrender. This was a wise move as it prevented loss of life.