Morally indignant and realistic and strightforward
The "mob" that the emperors bribed with bread and circuses were the Roman citizens. The phrase was coined by the satirist Juvenal referring to the free entertainment and the food allowance that was given to every needy citizen. The ancient poets and writers were elitists (or thought they were) and anyone else who was not of their social class was considered the "mob".
Just about all the ancient writers had a gripe about their fellow citizens, but the Satires of Juvenal are the most direct and cutting.
Distractions for the vulgar populus (the masses of Roman people)."Bread and circuses" refers to the pacification of a populace by food and entertainment, which is related to the term "fat and happy".As coined by the Roman poet Juvenal (c. 100-200 AD) in his Satires, panem et circenses was an apparent policy in the Roman Empire. The rulers believed that if the people were entertained and their bellies full, they would not get restless or try to overthrow the government. So they tried to make sure that there was always entertainment, notably in the Colosseum, and that there was always bread available to be purchased. In this way, the Roman masses were distracted from the problems of the Empire.
One of ancient Rome's most notable poets was Virgil. He lived from 70-19 Bc-BCE. His major work was the Aeneid, which was about the mythical foundations of Rome and its relationship with the Roman gods. Virgil was well versed in Greek poetry and also had contacts with Octavian.
He castigates it - comparing it with a simple country life, uses the term 'bread and circuses' as the way they kept the lower classes quiet, and 'who guards the guards'. As part of his ridicule, he depicts emperor Domitian consulting on how to cook a fish too big for the pan.
Morally Indignant Realistic and straightforward
Juvenal's satirical writings are known for their sharp criticism of society, particularly focusing on corruption, decadence, and hypocrisy in ancient Rome. He used vivid and often exaggerated language to expose the flaws and vices of the Roman elite and society as a whole. Juvenal's works offer a scathing critique of the moral decay and social injustices prevalent in his time.
Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.Juvenal is about the most famous Roman satirist, but some of Martial's epigrams rank right up with Juvenal's.
Cicero's writings are philosophical and political in nature, focusing on issues of ethics, government, and rhetoric. Juvenal, on the other hand, is known for his satirical writings that criticize Roman society, particularly the moral decay and corruption he observed. Cicero's works are more formal and structured, while Juvenal's are more blunt and scathing in their criticism.
The best Roman satirist were Juvenal, Horace and Petronius. Other good satirists were Lucilius, Ennius and Perseus.
A Juvenal Roman satirist, John Donne, Jonathan Swift, Henry VIII, Elizabeth I.
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Juvenal died in 0140.
Juvenal's satires were written in poems in dactylic hexameter in accordance with the writings of Lucilius, the originator of Roman satire and following the Roman poetic tradition. The dactylic hexametre (also known as heroic hexametre) is a form of metre (rhythmic scheme) in poetry found in classical epic poetry in both Greek and Latin. It consists of lines made from six ("hexa") feet with a long syllable followed by two short syllables, as determined by syllable weight. In poetry, a metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.
Thomas Juvenal died in 1309.
Juvenal of Jerusalem died in 458.
Juvenal of Benevento died in 132.