For the answer to the first part of your question, I refer you to the attached related question, as the list changes every so often and we cannot be expected to update multiple copies of it.
As far as the procedure, in jurisdictions where same-sex marriage is legal, the prescribed procedures are absolutely identical to that of any other marriage as no distinction is made. In the United States, the procedure is usually as follows.
As of December 20, 2013, about 33% of US states have legalized same-sex marriage.
The states that have legalized same-sex marriage did so presumably because either the legislature or the judiciary decided there is no longer had any legitimate interest served by limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples only.
The states that have legalized same-sex marriage did so because either the legislature or judiciary came to the conclusion that the state had no legitimate or compelling reason to deny marriage rights to same-sex couples.
Some states and countries have legalized same-sex marriage. Some states and countries have banned same-sex marriage by statute and some by amending their constitutions.
The states and countries that have legalized same-sex marriage have not reported any negative effects.
The reasons appears to be cultural, political and religious.
Here is a list of US states ranked by per capita income, showing which have legalized same-sex marriage.Washington, DC - LEGALConnecticut - LEGALMaryland - LEGALNew Jersey - LEGALMassachusetts - LEGALVirginiaNew Hampshire - LEGALAlaskaNew York - LEGALColoradoWashington - LEGALMinnesota - LEGALRhode Island - LEGALDelaware - LEGALCalifornia - LEGALIllinois - LEGALHawaii - LEGALWyomingVermont - LEGALNorth DakotaPennsylvania - LEGALWisconsin - LEGALNevadaKansasOregon - LEGALIowa - LEGALNebraskaMaine - LEGALFloridaOhioTexasArizonaSouth DakotaMichiganMissouriGeorgiaNorth CarolinaMontanaIndianaTennesseeLouisianaOklahomaSouth CarolinaUtahNew Mexico - LEGALAlabamaKentuckyIdahoWest VirginiaArkansasMississippiAs you can see, most of the highest income states have legalized same-sex marriage and almost all of the lower income states have banned it. The poorest state that has legalized same-sex marriage is New Mexico. The richest state that has not legalized same-sex marriage is Virginia.
the loving v. virginia decision. :) the actual question was supposed to be "which of the following legalized marriage in the entire united states between men and women of different races?"
It States that Gay marriage should be legalized because of equality.
Connecticut did on November 12, 2008. See related question below for a list of other states that legalized same-sex marriage afterwards.
Because one thing has nothing to do with the other. Also, it depends on which state you are talking about. For example. In Colorado, as of 2012, they legalized marijuana but not same-sex marriage.
States that have not legalized same-sex marriage are affected by the legalization of same-sex marriage in nearby states as follows:Non-marriage states loose tourism dollars to marriage states.Politicians in non-marriage states are subjected to increased pressure to address the issue (think of Rhode Island being the only state in New England that has not legalized same-sex marriage).Some gays and lesbians choose to move from non-marriage states to marriage states. These are usually the most wealthy, best educated young people who have the most to contribute to a state's economy over the course of their lives. Poor, uneducated older folk stay put.Businesses complain that a patchwork of domestic partner and civil union laws make managing Human Resources more difficult and legalizing same-sex marriage would ease this burden.Businesses claim that the legalization of same-sex marriage makes it easier for them to attract and retain highly qualified workers. One can assume that banning marriage has the opposite effect.