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In 405 there was a major attempt at invading Italy by Ostrogoths, Alans, Sueves, and Vandals led by Radagaisus, a Gothic king. The Romans repelled this invasion, but had to deploy 30,000 soldiers, enrol slaves in the army in exchange for their freedom and make a coalition with the Alans and Huns. Many of the Roman soldiers were redeployed from Gaul. This redeployment weekend the defence of the Roman frontiers in Gaul.

In 406 a large number of Vandals, Alans, and Sueves from central Europe crossed the frozen river Rhine and invaded Gaul, breaking through a poorly defended frontier.

Under the strain of this invasion, the western part of the empire lost political cohesion. There was a lot of infighting and a string of usurpations. There were shadow emperors who were powerful men who installed puppet emperors and were the effective rulers. One of them was Ricimer, a Germanic who was commander in chief of the western Roman army and installed three emperors (Majorian, Libius Severus and Olybrius). His nephew, Gundobad, installed Glycerius, but did not hold the strings of power as he had to return to his native Burgundy to deal with feuds there. Orestes installed his 15-year old son, Romulus Augustus, who was the last emperor of the west. One emperor, Avitus, was proclaimed emperor by Theodoric II, the king of the Visigoths.

Some emperors of the east interfered with politics in the west. One was Leo I the Thracian, who in 467 proclaimed Anthemius (an eastern Roman military commander) emperor of the west because he wanted the two parts of the empire to join forces to fight the Vandals who were attacking southern Italy and southern Greece for their base in northwest Africa. He sent Anthemius to Italy with an army and wanted him to gather troops in the west. In 474 the emperor Leo I rejected the proclamation of Glycerius as emperor of the west by the army of the west. He proclaimed his nephew-in-law, Julius Nepos (Nepos means nephew) emperor of the west and sent him to Italy to depose Glycerius who surrendered without fighting. In 487 the emperor of the east Zeno sent his ally, Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths (who had been allowed to settle in the eastern part of the empire) to invade Italy to depose a usurper there. In theory, Theodoric was meant to be like a viceroy of Zeno. In reality he became the ruler of Italy.

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6mo ago

Three key events that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire include:

  1. Barbarian invasions and the sacking of Rome in 410 AD by the Visigoths weakened the empire's defenses and demonstrated its vulnerability.
  2. Economic decline, with issues such as inflation, taxation burdens, and disruption in trade, led to weakening of the empire's economic system.
  3. Political instability, including frequent changes in leadership, corruption, and division within the empire, undermined its ability to govern effectively and maintain unity.
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Q: What three events helped cause the fall of the Roman Empire?
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