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McGaffeypatents the vacuum cleaner, a "sweeping machine" in 1869.
Starts American Carpet Cleaning Co. located in Boston mass
Ives W. McGaffey, Chicago, Ill., patent # 91,145 issued June 8, 1869, on a "sweeping machine." The machine contained a hand operated fan. It was manufactured by American Carpet Cleaning Co., Boston, under the trade name Whirlwind. The unit contained all elements of modern electric cleaners except the electric motor.
It was the first hand-pumped vacuum cleaner in the United States, a wood and canvas contraption. The "Whirlwind" is a modest success, but McGaffey abandons the idea to work on another invention: an electric-powered milk bucket that can read cows' minds.
Many agree that the first true vacuum cleaner was invented in 1868 by Ives McGaffey.The first vacuum by McGaffey sold for $25.00. Pushing the vacuum while manually turning the hand crank made the unit hard to use. Most of the original vacuums sold in Boston and Chicago by the American Carpet Cleaning Company. Unfortunately, only two original examples of the vacuum survive.
The Whirlwind was sold in Chicago and Boston, and it is likely that many were lost in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Only two are known to have survived, one of which can be found in the Hoover Historical Center.
http://listverse.com/history/top-10-everyday-inventions/
actual diagram of the whirlwind
http://eltamiz.com/2008/05/06/inventos-ingeniosos-la-aspiradora/
The Courier-Journal was created in 1868.
Reginald Newton Biggs died in 1868.
William Aiton (1731-1793), botanist Alexander Anderson (mathematician), (c. 1582-1620?) mathematician John Hutton Balfour (1808-1884), botanist Eric Temple Bell (1883-1960), mathematician Joseph Black, (1728-1799), discoverer of carbon dioxide David Brewster, (1781-1868), founder of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts Thomas Brisbane, (1773-1860), astronomer Robert Brown, (1773-1858), discoverer of Brownian Motion and botanist John Craig (1663-1731), mathematician and friend of Newton Alexander Crum Brown, (1838 - 1922), Organic chemist William Cullen, (1710-1790), physician and chemist James Dewar, (1842-1923), low temperature physicist, invented the vacuum flask James Alfred Ewing, (1855-1935), physicist and engineer Hugh Falconer, (1808-1865), paleontologist James Ferguson, (1710-1776), Scottish astronomer and instrument maker Alexander Fleming, (1881-1955), microbiologist Williamina Fleming, (1857-1911), astronomer, contributed to the cataloguing of stars James David Forbes (1809-1868), physicist and geologist Professor George Forbes, (1849-1936), electrical engineering, hydro-electric power generation Robert Fortune (1813-1880), botanist Patrick Geddes, (1854-1932), biologist and urban theorist Sir David Gill, (1843-1914), pioneer in astrophotography Thomas Graham, (1805-1869), chemist, discovered dialysis James Gregory, (1638-1675), first described the Gregorian reflecting telescope eventually built by Robert Hooke James Hall (geologist), (1761-1832), geologist Thomas Henderson, (1798-1844), astronomer, first person to measure the distance to Alpha Centauri James Hutton, (1726-1797), put geology on a scientific basis Robert T. A. Innes, (1861-1933), astronomer, discovered Proxima Centauri James Ivory (mathematician) (1765-1842), mathematician William Jardine (naturalist) (1800-1874), naturalist Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882-1957), zoologist Johann von Lamont, (1805-1879), astronomer, calculated the orbits of the moons of Uranus and Saturn John Leslie (physicist), (1766-1832), mathematician and physicist best remembered for his research into heat Joseph Lister, (1827-1912), surgeon, pioneered antisepsis techniques and antibiotics John Macadam (1827-1865), Scottish-born Australian botanist William MacGillivray (1796-1852), naturalist Sheila Scott Macintyre (1910-1960), mathematician Colin Maclaurin (1698-1746), mathematician, developed maclaurin series William Maclure, (1760-1843), geologist Francis Masson (1741-1805?), botanist James Clerk Maxwell, (1831-1879), thermodynamics and electromagnetic theorist Archibald Menzies, (1754-1852) explorer and botanist Philip Miller (1691-1771), botanist Roderick Murchison, (1792-1871), geologist who first described and investigated the Silurian era. Alexander Murray (geologist),(1810-1884), geologist John Napier, (1550-1617), mathematician (see logarithms) William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863-1924), ornithologist Sir William Ramsay, (1852-1916), Nobel prize for Chemistry 1904 John Richardson (naturalist) (1787-1865), naturalist William Roxburgh (1759-1815), botanist Andrew Smith (zoologist) (1797-1872), zoologist Charles Piazzi Smyth, (1819-1900), Astronomer Royal of Scotland Robert Angus Smith, (1817-1884), environmental chemist, discovered acid rain Mary Fairfax Sommerville, mathematician and astronomer Matthew Stewart (1717-1785), mathematician James Stirling (mathematician), (1692-1770), mathematician William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907), mathematician, physicist, engineer James Watt, 1736-1819), mathematician and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine contributed to a key stage in the Industrial Revolution. Robert Watson-Watt, (1892-1973), invented radar Joseph Wedderburn (1882-1948), mathematician Alexander Wilson, (1766-1813), arguably the greatest American ornithologist before Audubon Charles Wilson, (1869-1959), physicist, invented the cloud chamber James 'Paraffin' Young, (1811-1883), chemist
In 1889, Hugo De Vries published his book Intracellular Pangenesis in which he suggested that different characters are caused by different inherited particles which he called pangenes. This idea was based on a modified version of the theory of pangenesis first put forward by Charles Darwin in 1868. The word gene was introduced by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1909, in a book called Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre. He also introduced the terms genotype(the genetic makeup of an individual) and phenotype (the observable features of an individual). De Vries (1848 - 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. Johannsen (1857 - 1927) was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_de_Vries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Johannsen
A closed terrarium is a closed ecosystem just on a much smaller scale. The supply of carbon dioxide in the terrarium air is very small because of the limited volume of air. Therefore, unless the terrarium contains animals to provide carbon dioxide or microbes break down large amounts of organic matter in the soil and release carbon dioxide, the plants in a sealed terrarium cannot gain significant dry weight. They would basically refix the same carbon dioxide over and over. The carbon dioxide the plants release during cellular respiration would be refixed via photosynthesis, then respired, refixed, respired, refixed, etc. Most terrariums are not completely sealed so carbon dioxide can enter and plants can gain dry matter via photosynthesis. The inventor of the terrarium, Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward (1791-1868), supposedly had a "sealed terrarium" that survived four years but it is questionable if it was completely sealed because of the substantial plant growth he observed. Another attempt at a closed terrarium on a larger scale was the big Arizona greenhouse called Biosphere Two . It was originally supposed to be a sealed terrarium for two years containing several people, many animals and all sorts of plants. However, it got out of balance, and they had to add more oxygen because the amount of photosynthesis was less than required to supply adequate oxygen to all the animals. References: Hershey, D.R. 1996. Doctor Ward's accidental terrarium. American Biology Teacher. 58:276-281.
The vacuum was invented in 1860 by Daniel Hess of Iowa. His system was a hand pump vacuum made with bellows to help suck up dirt. In 1868, Ives McGaffey invented a manual powered vacuum.
The first vacuum cleaner was invented in Chicago, 1868 by Ives W. McGaffney.
Ives W. McGaffney, of Chicago, created a mechanical machine in 1868.Hubert Cecil Booth, an English engineer, built an electric vacuum cleaner in 1901.Daniel Hess invented the vacuum cleaner in 1860.thomas EdisonOtto Von GuerickeDavid Hess did.Ives McGaffeyIves McGaffey
1868
The typewriter was invented by Christopher Latham Sholes, Carlos Glidden, and Samuel W. Soule in 1868. They were granted a patent for their design on June 23, 1868.
the typewriter was invented in 1868 by christopher sholes
1868
1868
1868
the first tractor was invented in 1868 by John Froelich
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1868