Much of Western Europe, perhaps half, was in the Roman Empire or West Roman Empire. The rest of it was in tribal lands and small kingdoms.
Most people of Western Europe, for most of the Middle Ages, were linked by a belief in Christianity, in the communion of the Catholic Church.
Paris
2
No one ruled Europe in its entirety. The Roman Empire was the largest country in Europe before the Middle Ages, and it was ruled by its emperors. There is a link below to a list of the Roman Emperors, and those who were emperors before 476 AD were emperors before the Middle Ages began.
b
The middle ages- 1000-1500 AD.
Vikings
Late Middle Ages in western Europe.
During the early middle ages, 500 - 1000AD, Europe was a frontier land as it was sparsely populated and undeveloped. ;P
the manor system and the importance of land ownership
Steam power
They were persecuted in Western Europe and moved eastwards to Poland, which was very tolerant in the Middle Ages and early modern times.