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Essential parts of the economy of the Spanish and Portuguese colonies were land and the labor needed to work the land. Land was needed for agricultural products such as sugar and for the mines for gold and other precious minerals. Labor, essentially slave labor, was needed to work in the fields and the mines.

The Spanish used Indian labor but paid them very poorly, believing that it was their duty to convert the Indians and that eternal salvation was a reward great enough to justify any possible mistreatment in this life.

The Portuguese had problems using Indian labor so they turned to imported African slaves.

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Q: What was an essential part of the economy of the Spanish and the Portuguese colonies?
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