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occurred in 1988, when a newborn girl donated cord blood to cure her brother of Fanconi's anemia, a genetic defect.

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Q: What was the first successful umbilical cord stem cell transplant?
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What are stem cell transplants?

Stem cell transplant is the process in which diseased cells are replaced by the stem cells collected at the time of birth from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow.


For what medical reasons might one store umbilical blood?

One might decide to store umbilical blood to help a member of the family that needs a stem cell transplant to help fight diseases and infections, other medical purposes are leukaemia, sickle cell anaemia.


Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful orgen transplant?

t-cells


Where can someone find information about donating to an umbilical cord blood bank?

One's local hospital is a good source for information about donating to an umbilical cord blood bank. Marrow, Blood Cell Transplant, Be the Match and WebMD are online sources one can to find information about this subject.


How many chromosomes are in a baby's umbilical cord cell?

There are 46 chromosomes in the umbilical cord.


Why would one want umbilical cord preservation?

Due to the blood left over in the placenta after a baby is born the umbilical cord is cut. Cord blood has been shown to cotain stem cells and early precursor cells that can be dontated and used for stem cell tranplantation for children and adults in need of a stem cell transplant. Not only will this save lives but it will also benefit to the future of mankind as it develops in the race to sustain humans.


What medical uses could umbilical cord blood?

Umbilical cord blood are used in stem cell transplant to cure malignant diseases such as cancers (Acute Leukemia, Chronic Leukemia, Hodgkin & Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Myelodysplastic Syndrome), blood disorders, immune disorders, metabolic disorders, brain injury. cerebral palsy, type-1 diabetes and hearing loss.


Who discovered the dry cell?

Carl Gassner invented the first commercially successful dry cell in 1881.


How can a stem cell transplant help cure diseases?

A stem cell transplant can help cure disease because it can grow into any cells that you body needs. An example of a time when a stem cell transplant is when a man cut off the end of his finger and used pig stem cells to grow it back.


What type of bone transplant uses bone marrow from a donor?

Either a bone marrow or a stem cell transplant (although these days most stem cell transplants are obtained from blood).


What companies allow for umbilical cord storage?

The following companies allow for umbilical cord storage: Cord Blood, Cryo-Cell, Family Cord, Duke Health, Smart Cell, Corcell, Via Cord, Cells for Life, Cell Care Australia, to name a few.


Who was mainly involved in the early developments of organ transplantations?

AnswerSuccessful inter-human allotransplants have a relatively long history; the operative skills were present long before the necessities for post-operative survival were discovered. Rejection and the side effects of preventing rejection (especially infection and nephropathy) were, are, and may always be the key problem.Several apocryphal accounts of transplants exist well prior to the scientific understanding and advancements that would be necessary for them to have actually occurred. The Chinese physician Pien Ch-iao reportedly exchanged hearts between a man of strong spirit but weak will with one of a man of weak spirit but strong will in an attempt to achieve balance in each man. Roman Catholic mythology reports the third-century saints Damian and Cosmas as replacing the gangrenous leg of the Roman deacon Justinian with the leg of a recently deceased Ethiopian. Most accounts have the saints performing the transplant in the fourth century A.D., decades after their death; some accounts have them only instructing living surgeons who performed the procedure.More likely accounts exist in the area of skin transplantation. The first reasonable account is of the Indian surgeon Sushruta in the second century B.C., who used autografted skin transplantation in nose reconstruction rhinoplasty. Success or failure of these procedures is not well documented. Centuries later, the Italian surgeon Gaspare Tagliacozzi performed successful skin autografts; he also failed consistently with allografts, offering the first suggestion of rejection centuries before that mechanism could possibly be understood. He attributed it to the "force and power of individuality" in his 1596 work De Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem.The first successful corneal allograft transplant was performed in 1837 in a gazelle model; the first successful human corneal transplant, a keratoplastic operation, was performed by Eduard Zirm in Austria in 1905. Pioneering work in the surgical technique of transplantation was made in the early 1900s by the French surgeon Alexis Carrel, with Charles Guthrie, with the transplantation of arteries or veins. Their skillful anastomosis operations, the new suturing techniques, laid the groundwork for later transplant surgery and won Carrel the 1912 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology. From 1902 Carrel performed transplant experiments on dogs. Surgically successful in moving kidneys, hearts and spleens, he was one of the first to identify the problem of rejection, which remained insurmountable for decades.Major steps in skin transplantation occurred during WW I, notably in the work of Harold Gillies at Aldershot. Among his advances was the tubed pedicle graft, maintaining a flesh connection from the donor site until the graft established its own blood flow. Gillies' assistant, Archibald McIndoe, carried on the work into WW II as reconstructive surgery. In 1962 the first successful replantation surgery was performed - re-attaching a severed limb and restoring (limited) functioning and feeling.The first attempted human deceased-donor transplant was performed by the Ukrainian surgeon Yu Yu Voronoy in the 1930s; rejection resulted in failure. Joseph Murray performed the first successful transplant, a kidney transplant between identical twins, in 1954, successful because no immunosuppression was necessary in genetically identical twins.In the late 1940s Peter Medawar, working for the National Institute for Medical Research, improved the understanding of rejection. Identifying the immune reactions in 1951 Medawar suggested that immunosuppressive drugs could be used. Cortisone had been recently discovered and the more effective azathioprine was identified in 1959, but it was not until the discovery of cyclosporine in 1970 that transplant surgery found a sufficiently powerful immunosuppressive.Dr. Murray's success with the kidney led to attempts with other organs. There was a successful deceased-donor lung transplant into a lung cancer sufferer in June 1963 by James Hardy in Jackson, Mississippi. The patient survived for eighteen days before dying of kidney failure. Thomas Starzl of Denver attempted a liver transplant in the same year, but was not successful until 1967.The heart was a major prize for transplant surgeons. But, as well as rejection issues the heart deteriorates within minutes of death so any operation would have to be performed at great speed. The development of the heart-lung machine was also needed. Lung pioneer James Hardy attempted a human heart transplant in 1964, but a premature failure of the recipient's heart caught Hardy with no human donor, he used a chimpanzee heart which failed very quickly. The first success was achieved December 3rd 1967 by Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa. Louis Washkansky, the recipient, survived for eighteen days amid what many saw as a distasteful publicity circus. The media interest prompted a spate of heart transplants. Over a hundred were performed in 1968-69, but almost all the patients died within sixty days. Barnard's second patient, Philip Blaiberg, lived for 19 months.As mentioned, it was the advent of cyclosporine that altered transplants from research surgery to life-saving treatment. In 1968 surgical pioneer Denton Cooley performed seventeen transplants including the first heart-lung transplant. Fourteen of his patients were dead within six months. By 1984 two-thirds of all heart transplant patients survived for five years or more. With organ transplants becoming commonplace, limited only by donors, surgeons moved onto more risky fields, multiple organ transplants on humans and whole-body transplant research on animals. On March 9th 1981 the first successful heart-lung transplant took place at Stanford University Hospital. The head surgeon, Bruce Reitz, credited the patient's recovery to cyclosporine-A.History of successful transplants:* 1954: First successful kidney transplant by Joseph Murray (Boston)* 1966: First successful pancreas transplant by Richard Lillehei and William Kelly (Minnesota)* 1967: First successful liver transplant by Thomas Starzl (Pittsburgh)* 1967: First successful heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard (South Africa)* 1970: First successful monkey head transplant by Robert White (Cleveland, U.S.A.)* 1981: First successful heart/lung transplant by Bruce Reitz (Stanford)* 1983: First successful lung lobe transplant by Joel Cooper (Toronto)* 1986: First successful double-lung transplant (Ann Harrison) by Joel Cooper (Toronto)* 1987: First successful whole lung transplant by Joel Cooper (St. Louis)* 1995: First successful laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy by Lloyd Ratner and Louis Kavoussi (Baltimore)* 1998: First successful live-donor partial pancreas transplant by David Sutherland (Minnesota)* 1998: First successful hand transplant (France)* 2005: First successful partial face transplant (France)As successful transplants and modern immunosuppression make transplants more common, the need for more organs has become critical. Advances in living-related donor transplants have made that increasingly common. Additionally, there is substantive research into xenotransplantation or transgenic organs; although these forms of transplant are not yet being used in humans, clinical trials involving the use of specific cell types have been conducted with promising results, such as using porcine islets of Langerhans to treat type one diabetes.