What was the immediate result of the United Nations resolution which went into effect in May 1948 to partition divide Palestine into two states one Jewish and one Arab?

Answer 1

War.

The Jewish refugees in Palestine obviously accepted the resolution. However, Palestine, supported by the Arab states, protested.

As the Jewish population in Palestine attacked Arab families, evicting them from newly made Jewish neighborhoods, the Arab states invaded.

It could be contended that Israel knew that the war was coming and had to defend itself - and couldn't risk a fifth column.

Answer 2

First of all, the United Nations Resolution 181 went into effect when it was passed on November 30, 1947, not May 1948, but you are likely looking for the answers "War" and "Israel declared independence". Of course, this is oversimplified.

When the United Nations passed Resolution 181, allocating territory to Jewish State and to an Arab State (Palestine), the Arabs rejected the plan leading to skirmishes between Jewish Militias and Arab Militias. In May 1948, when the British announced the end of the Mandate, the Jewish Settlement used the opportunity and the legal avenue opened by Resolution 181 to declare a State (Israel). The day after, seven Arab armies from neighboring countries joined with the Arab Militias already operating. The internationalization of the Jewish-Arab conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine is what is now termed the Arab-Israeli War of 1948. As the fighting progressed, Israel was able to repel the invaders and claim about 78% of British Mandate of Palestine as the grounds of their new state. The War is considered by most to be an Israeli Victory.

Throughout the fighting (from 1947-1949) numerous Palestinians were forced from their homes inside what would become Israeli territory. Other Palestinians left in fear that they too could be attacked and forced to leave. This climate of fear and and desire to leave was increased by Arab leaders who encouraged such activities claiming that it would get civilians out of the way while the fighting occurred. After the War and the elimination of Israel, the Palestinians would return without issue. This did not happen as Israel was victorious. Palestinians call this event (the overall war and removal from their homes) the Nakba or Great Catastrophe. Israel has refused the Right of Return for Palestinians claiming that if it did so, it would no longer have a Jewish majority, putting the entire purpose of a Jewish State in jeopardy.