Lochner addressed the constitutionality of State labor laws, specifically the right of New York State to pass legislation setting the maximum number of work hours permitted bakers to 10 hours per day, or 60 hours per week. The Court held that the State had no legitimate interest in protecting the health of this class of worker because there were no substantial risks involved, and that the legislature had exceeded its authority under the state's police powers.
According to the Court, the restrictions were unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause because they violated the workers' liberty interest in freely contracting with the employer. While presented as a protection of the working class, Lochner-era decisions almost invariably favored industry over labor.
Case Citation:
Lochner v. New York, 198 US 45 (1905)
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Lochner won by a vote of five to four
Louis P. Lochner has written: 'Herbert Hoover and Germany' 'What about Germany?' 'New York' 'Always the unexpected'
Lochner v. New York, 198 US 45 (1905)The parties were Joseph Lochner, a bakery owner who had been fined for violating state labor laws (petitioner/plaintiff), and People of the State of New York (respondent/defendant).For more information, see Related Questions, below.
New York City is the largest city in New York State. New York State is #11 of the 50 States of the United States of America. Note that while New York City is the largest city in New York State (as well as the largest city in the country), it is NOT the state capital. The capital of New York State is Albany.
Lochner v. New York was not a criminal case. It was a civil case that involved a constitutional challenge to a state law regulating the working hours of bakers. The case focused on economic and due process rights rather than criminal wrongdoing.
Lochner v. New York, 198 US 45 (1905)It was a major setback for labor unions because it held that government couldn't interfere in relations between businesses and their employees.The ruling also ushered in what became known as the Lochner Era in which the Supreme Court issued several controversial decisions invalidating progressive federal and state statutes that sought to regulate working conditions.For more information, see Related Questions, below.
Judges should be addressed, "your honor".
The Whig Party
New York Journal's War Issue - 1898 was released on: USA: July 1898
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The APTA or American Physical Therapy Associaton of the State Legislative committee offers issue tracking in New York. Issue Tracking is also now offered through the company Bellsouth.