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The original purpose for the Roman Republic was the same purpose as is for any republic, that is, to give the people a voice in their government.

The purpose of the Roman Republic was to overthrow the Roman monarchy because the last king was a tyrant and to prevent the recurrence of tyranny. This was done primarily by having two men (the consuls) rather than one in charge (so that they could counterbalance each other) whose term of office was only one year, so that no sole man could concentrate power in his hands. This is the only change that was made. For the rest, the institutions created under the monarchy were retained. Although liberty was part of the ideology of the Republic, it was not created to give the people a voice in their government. The people's voice counted for little and the aristocracy soon monopolised power. This also soon gave rise to internal social conflict.

We must be careful not to equate Republic with democracy. The word republic just means that the government is not run by a king, emperor, prince or duke. That is all. A republic can be even be a Dictatorship. The Roman Republic was an oligarchy, not a democracy.

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The overarching goal of the Roman Republic was to prevent the return of tyranny. The republic was established after a rebellion which deposed the seventh lad last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, who was a tyrant. The Romans decided to do way with the monarchy and swore never to let anyone try to become a king. During the Early Republic, one man was executed and another one was forced to commit suicide because there were allegations that they were trying to become kings.

The king was replaced by two annually elected consuls as heads of the republic. Having two men in charge meant that the two of them could counterbalance each other. The very short term of office meant that no one could concentrate power in his hands.

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Q: What was the original purpose for the roman republic?
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