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What was the state of Indian agriculture on the eve of independence?
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
(2)Agricultural Sector
1) The main cause of the stagnation of agricultural sector were as follows:-
i) The new land tenure that was introduced by British rulers in India. This land tenure system had three forms: Zamindari, Mahalwari and Ryotwari system. This gave birth to two classes - the landlords and the landless cultivators. Especially under the zamindari system the zamindars used to exploit the cultivators to the maximum. They used to charge a very high rate of land revenue from the agriculturalists as a result the surplus left with the cultivators was insufficient even for their barest minimum sustenance.
ii) The British rulers did not give much of attention to increase irrigation facilities and technological up gradation in India.
iii) British rulers initiated commercialisation of agriculture in which they encouraged the production of cash crops. As a result Britisher transformed Indian agriculture into a raw material activity to England .As a result of reduction in the production of food crops and lack of proper policies the country had to suffer from frequent occurrence of famines.
iv) The partition of the country had also adversely affected the India's agricultural production. It created a serious problem of shortage of raw material for jute mills of Calcutta and textile mills of Bombay and Ahmedabad.Also, rich food producing areas of the west Punjab and Sindh went to Pakistan which created food crises in the country.
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
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