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At Marathon and Salamis, the Greek cities defeated the Persian forces. At Thermopylai the Persian forces defeated the Greek cities.
The Persians .
the king was Xerxes
They were all part of the Persian attempt to subdue troubles to its empire from the city-states of mainland Greece.
They were rallying calls for the Greeks. The Athenian success at Marathon demonstrated to the other Greek cities that the Persians could be beaten. Thermopylae became another symbol for Greek steadfastness which was used by the Greeks for propaganda on the superiority of the Greek warrior.
At Thermopylai there was a pass to defend, at Salamis there was a narrow strait. Both negated the superiority of the Persian forces.
It was the Battle of Thermopylae in the Second Persian War. The Greeks won. Shortly after Thermopylae the Athenian Navy defeated the Persian Navy at Salamis, and in the next year the Persian Army was defeated by a combined Greek Army at Plataea.
The purpose of the Thermopylae delay was to provoke a sea battle in the nearby strait of Artemesion, in the hope of destroying the Persian fleet. The Persian fleet won, and the Greeks had to withdraw to try again at Salamis, which they did win. The Thermopylae delay had no effect on the outcome of the war.
The slowing of the Persian advance at Thermopylae by a force from Greek cities, including Sparta, was to force a sea battle ,but the Greek lost at sea, and the delaying force at Thermopylae was withdrawn. The Greeks won their sea battle at Salamis later on, so Thermopylae had no effect on the outcome of the war. It did, however, become a symbol of staunch resistance.
The Greeks sank half the Persian fleet off the coast of Salamis.
About 8,000.
The Greeks won the Battle of Salamis through genius strategy and used similar tactics to the ones used at Thermopylae. The Greeks sailed their fleet into a narrow channel between two parts of the island of salamis, completely taking away the advantage of the large, phoenician built, Persian ships and taking away the advantage of their numbers, just like at Thermopylae. The Greeks then used their smaller, more maneuverable ships to ram and sink the Persian vessels, dealing a crushing defeat to Xerxes army. This defeat caused Xerxes to lose his will to fight, and he returned to Persia with the bulk of his army only leaving behind 70,000 in a hopeless last effort to defeat the Greeks. This Persian army of 70,000 would later be crushed at the Battle of Plataea, the final battle of the Persian wars.