What was the the German question that faced Prussia in the middle of the nineteenth century?

Answer 1

The so-called "German question" that faced Prussia in the middle area of the 19th century was complicated by internal political disputes. This involved the possibility of the eventual union of the 39 German states, and by what means such a goal could be achieved. The issue divided the liberal and nationalist bourgeoisie of Prussia with the conservatives. It was also complicated by the number of German states and how that negotiation would sit with the various states not to mention the impact that would involve the Hapsburg Empire.

Answer 2

The German Question generally refers to the rise of German nationalism in the 19th century, where the fractured German states disagreed on the best way to achieve unification as a single nation-state.

There were two main contenders vying for supremacy: the idea of a "Greater Germany" pitted against that of a "Lesser Germany."

A "Greater Germany" pushed for the incorporation of all German states and people into a unified nation. Support for this path was led by the Austrian Empire, which wanted to continue its hegemony over German affairs.

The idea of a "Lesser Germany" pushed for the unification of only the northern German states (which were predominantly Protestant), and excluding Bavaria and Austria (which where mainly Catholic). This approach was spearheaded by the Kingdom of Prussia, the largest and most powerful of the Protestant German states at the time, and the main challenger to Austrian hegemony.

The German Question caused tension to rise between the two factions, with relations between Prussia and Austria deteriorating rapidly. Prussia wanted to use it as an opportunity to expand its influence as an emerging power over German affairs, while Austria sought to block its rival in any way it could.

This conflict eventually culminated into the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, where Austria was soundly defeated by the technologically-superior Prussian military. As part of the Peace of Prague that followed, Prussia was able to secure its desire for a "Lesser Germany," founding the North German Confederation and becoming the new leading German power. Austria, thereafter, was intentionally excluded from the confederation, along with Bavaria and a few other south German states.