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After Commodore Matthew Perry and his ships sailed into Edo Bay the people were horrified. The Tokugawa military Dictatorship had failed to protect the country and with Middle Ages standard weaponry the Japanese had little choice but to open up to the west as Perry had threatened war otherwise. The Tokugawa shogun resigned and all power was restored to the emperor. The army and government were reformed on Prussian lines and the Navy on British lines. Japan's industry was brought up to speed at a remarkable rate and the samurai were in effect abolished. After the failure of pro-shogun rebellions the Meiji Restoration was assured.

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Q: What was the westernization of Japan?
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