...
Around 500 BC two other religions developed in India, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. Today only about 0.5% of Indians are Jains and about 0.7% are Buddhist. In ancient times Jainism and specially Buddhism were very popular in India. Indians who accepted Buddhist philosophy spread it not only within the Indian sub-continent but also to kingdoms east and south of India.
I don't know of any that actually discourage a deity, but there are several that are atheistic and do not contain gods within the religion. Buddhism for example is a non-theistic religion. So too is Jainism, Taoism, Animism, and Confucianism.
Jainism is an ancient religion which emphasies that every soul is divine and has the potential to become God (Tirthankar). They believe that one must go through many cycles of rebirth to shed their "karmas" and achieve Liberation. Once a divine soul has achieved Liberation, it lives in Moksha forever and experiences divine bliss, knowledge, and power. Jainism believes in many gods. Jains are also vegetarian, so they don't kill animals that could have a soul that is in the process of rebirth within it.Jainism is believed to be an eternal religion without any particular founder.Presently, Jainism is mostly practiced in India.Jainism (also called "Jain Dharma") Is a religion that arose on the Indian subcontinent.Founder of the religion was "Mahavira" (-"Great hero", real name Vardhamana), Jainism has got its name from the honorific of Mahavira, "Jina" (Sansk. "winner") and came into being at the same time as Buddhism. Jainism has got its origin in Brahmanism (a predecessor of Hinduism).Followers of Jainism are called "Jaina" (sing.).The main principles of Jainism are:Ahimsa; absolute nonviolence against every living creature.Aparigraha; independence of all useless possession.Satya; veracity.
Don't believe everything you think, like ideas about Buddhism.
Yes, an accepted canon of sutras in Buddhism is the Mahayana sutra.
Japanese Zen Buddhism is centered and calm. The practice of Zen Buddhism is not interested in an external God but instead focuses on the nurturing of God within themselves.
840s
Zen and Pure Land are some I know.
church of england-england Buddhism-india
In abroad sense Buddhism is an offshoot of Hinduism because it originated from Hindustan. The only difference one can think of that in Buddhism we seek the solace within oneself whereas in Hinduism we seek it outside in the Permatman.
Buddhism can be summed up by the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. Buddhism teaches that the solutions to our problems are within ourselves not outside. The Buddha taught one thing and one thing only "suffering and the end of suffering".
* The Buddha and his Teachings * An Open Heart: Practicing Compassion in Everyday Life * Awakening the Buddha Within: Tibetan Wisdom for the Western World Those are some book of Buddhism.