In the earliest era, the Hebrews consisted of family-groups (clans; tribes) led by patriarchs. Later, during the three centuries of the Judges, the Israelite nation had sages (led by Sanhedrin-courts) who were consulted in questions of Jewish law and conduct; while individual Judges occasionally unified the people in war against some common enemy.
During the four centuries of the monarchy, the Israelites were led by three distinct people or groups: the king, the Sanhedrin and the Kohen Gadol. (See also Deuteronomy ch.17-18.)
Link: The role of the prophets
When the monarchy ceased at the time of the First Destruction, the prophets pointed out that the reason was that there had been some individuals, men with positions of power, who misused that power. As was the case concerning the avoidance of idolatry, not everyone heeded the prophets.
Specifically, the monarchy and its hangers-on, and the public functionaries, included a minority that took advantage of those who had no such power.
See also the other related Links.
Link: Reasons for the Destruction
Before Israel had a king in Old Testament times, the leaders were called judges. They took command of the army of Israel during times of external invasion.
Moses. It is notable that the Israelite people existed for several centuries and as a result, they had numerous leaders during that period. Moses is the most famous and most important of those leaders.
Both Moses and then Joshua were the leaders of the Hebrew people.
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Monotheism
Yitro (Jethro) advised Moses to appoint judges and officers, to assist in conducting the affairs of the Israelite nation (Exodus ch.18). This became a national institution, continuing for centuries, as alluded to in various verses in later books of the Hebrew Bible. There were leaders of ten, leaders of fifty, leaders of one hundred and leaders of one thousand. They provided adjudication, advice, leadership in war, Torah-teaching, and overall supervision.
He was an Israelite. They were later called Jews.
It is called The Exodus.See also the Related Link More about the Exodus
Only the early male leaders were called Patriarchs. The female leaders were called Matriarchs. They were called Patriarchs and Matriarchs because they were the fathers and mothers of Israel.
A private meeting of political party leaders was called a Tradition
No hyenas do not have leaders. They walk in groups called clans.
Some of the Indian leaders were called chiefs.
The Priests are called Sadhus (Saints) or poojari. Meanwhile Leaders are called baba.